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a North Fla. Res. Educ. Ctr., Quincy FL 32351
b Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Fla, Gainesville, FL 32611
c Dep. of Crop and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Ga, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223
d Dep. of Plant Pathology, Univ. of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30233
e Dep. of Entomology, Univ. of Georgia, Griffin Campus, Griffin, GA 30223
* Corresponding author (rdbarnett{at}mail.ifas.ufl.edu)
Horizon 314 winter oat (Avena sativa L.) (Reg. no. CV-368, PI 628345) was jointly developed and released in 2000 by the Florida and Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations. It has an excellent combination of grain and forage yield, disease resistance, and straw strength.
The parentage of Horizon 314 is Coker 84-15/TX84AB2171. Coker 84-15 was an unreleased advanced line that was tested in the 1985 Uniform Winter Oat Nursery. Its pedigree is CK76-30/ 5/CK75-27/4/CK76-29/3/CK76-23//CK75-28/CI8335. CI8335 is an Avena sterilis L. line, used as a source of resistance to crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata Corda f. sp. avenae Eriks.). CK76-30 was released as ‘Southern States 7630’. All other parents of Coker 84-15 were unreleased advanced lines. Coker 84-15 appears in the pedigree of several other oat cultivars including ‘Chapman’ (Blount et al., 2001), ‘Harrison’, and ‘Terral Secretariat LA495’. TX84Ab2131 is a Texas breeding line in which the crown rust resistance genes from ‘TAM O-301’, ‘TAM O-312’, ‘Coker 227’, and ‘Coker 234’ were combined with the stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.: Pers. f. sp. avenae Eriks. & Henn.) resistance gene from ‘Alpha’ (CI9221).
Horizon 314 was tested experimentally as FL92OHR31,314 and as FLX499-1-B3-G6. It was selected from material donated by the Northrup-King Seed Company (Novartis Seeds, Syngenta Seeds) to the USDA-ARS when the Coker Pedigreed Seed Company oat breeding program (owned by Northrup-King) was discontinued in 1989. Twenty-five thousand single panicle selections that had been harvested from the 1988 Coker program nurseries were planted at Quincy, FL, for evaluation in 1992. Horizon 314 was a single row designated 31,314 selected from that material.
Horizon 314 is 3 to 6 d later maturing than Chapman. It is higher yielding, has a heavier test weight, and is about 10 cm taller than Chapman. At the time of its release in 2000, Horizon 314 exhibited excellent resistance to prevalent races of crown rust, and was moderately resistant to Helminthosporium leaf spot, (caused by Helminthosporium sativum Pam., King & Bakke). It has been rated as susceptible to crown rust in south Texas. It is susceptible to stem rust and Barley yellow dwarf virus.
Juvenile plants of Horizon 314 are semierect with the culms midsize and glabrous. The flag leaves are midsize and drooping. The panicles are erect, equilateral, dark green in color, and florets have occasional awns 2 to 3 cm in length. Horizon 314 has leaves that are more upright than most other oat cultivars grown in the southeastern USA. Horizon 314 has good winter survival and moderate straw strength. Seeds of Horizon 314 are long, moderately plump, tan in color, and similar to those of Chapman.
Horizon 314 was first included in a yield evaluation trial at Quincy, FL, in 1993. In 1995, it was entered in the Elite Oat Test and in the USDA Regional Uniform Winter Oat Yield Nursery, which was grown at 20 stations in 13 states. In the Elite Test, grown at four locations, Horizon 314 produced an average of 2688 kg ha-1, which was higher than all the check cultivars except Chapman, which produced 2760 kg ha-1. It headed 6 d later than Chapman at the Quincy location. In regional testing, Horizon 314 was the highest yielding entry at 3179 kg ha-1 averaged over 18 locations. In comparison to Chapman, Horizon 314 had a higher test weight, (398 kg m-3 compared to 377 kg m-3) was 20 cm taller, and 5 d later in heading.
In the 1996 USDA Regional Uniform Winter Oat Yield Nursery, Horizon 314 was the highest yielding entry (3975 kg ha-1). In comparison with Chapman, it had a slightly heavier test weight, was 3 d later in heading, and 10 cm taller. It had 11% lodging compared with a mean of 21% for the entire test. Horizon 314 had 53% survival compared with the test average of 50% for seven locations.
In 1998, Horizon 314 was included in both Florida and Georgia official state performance trials. Across the five locations in Georgia, Horizon 314 was the highest yielding entry at 2921 kg ha-1. Average state variety test results, reported in the 2000–2001 Small Grains Performance Tests, Univ. of Georgia (Day et al., 2001), showed 3-yr (1999–2001) and 2-yr (2000–2001) grain yields of 3290 kg ha-1 and 3796 kg ha-1 for Horizon 314, respectively. Average 3-yr (1999–2001) and 2-yr (2000–2001) grain yields of all oat entries in the trials were 3136 kg ha-1 and 3505 kg ha-1, respectively.
Horizon 314 is considered to be a good forage producer. Forage dry matter yields for Horizon 314, from the 1999–2000 Small Grains Performance Tests, Univ. of Georgia, averaged over Tifton, Griffin, and Plains locations, were 7.5 and 8.0 Mg ha-1 for 3-yr (1998–2000) and 2-yr (1999–2000) studies, respectively. In oat forage trials conducted at Quincy, FL, in 2000, Horizon 314 had a dry matter forage yield of 12 Mg ha-1, compared with an 11.3 Mg ha-1 average for all entries in the trial.
U.S. Plant Variety Protection is pending. Horizon 314 has been licensed exclusively to Plantation Seed, Newton, GA, for marketing and promotion. Breeders seed of Horizon 314 is available from the Florida Agric. Exp. Stn. Recipients of the seed are asked to make appropriate recognition of the source of Horizon 314 if it is used in the development of a new cultivar, germplasm, parental line, or genetic stock.
NOTES
Contribution from the Florida Agric. Exp. Stn., Journal Paper no. R-08643. This research was supported by state and Hatch funds allocated to the Florida and Georgia Agric. Exp. Stn. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication February 28, 2002.
REFERENCES
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