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REGISTRATION OF GERMPLASM

Registration of Imidazolinone Herbicide-Resistant Sunflower Maintainer (HA 425) and Fertility Restorer (RHA 426 and RHA 427) Germplasms

^a USDA-ARS, Northern Crop Science Lab., P.O. Box 5677, Fargo, ND 58105
^b Dep. of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS 66506-5501

* Corresponding author (millerjf{at}fargo.ars.usda.gov)

One sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) maintainer and two restorer germplasms were developed and released by the USDA-ARS, Fargo, ND, and the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, Fargo, ND, in 2000; maintainer HA 425 (Reg. no. GP-254, PI 617098), restorer RHA 426 (Reg. no. GP-255, PI 617099), and restorer RHA 427 (Reg. no. GP-256, PI 617100). These germplasms are resistant to two imidazolinone herbicides, imazamox (Raptor, BASF Corporation, Mount Olive, NJ) [(±)-2[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-methoxymethyl-3-pyridinecarboxlic acid] and imazethapyr (Pursuit, BASF Corporation) [(±)-2[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxlic acid] and are available for use by sunflower industry and public researchers to develop hybrids, parental lines, or improved germplasms with resistance to imidazolinone herbicides.

HA 425 is a BC₂F₆ maintainer germplasm selected from the cross HA 89*3/PUR H. annuus. PUR H. annuus was selected from a wild H. annuus L. population collected in Kansas. The wild H. annuus population was growing in a soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] field that had been repeatedly treated with imazethapyr. PUR H. annuus plants were resistant when treated with imazethapyr dispersed in water at the 15x (11.25 mL L^-1) labeled rate for soybean at the V6 plant stage (Schneiter and Miller, 1981). Pollen from the resistant plants was collected and crossed with HA 89 (PI 599773). HA 89 is an oilseed maintainer line released by the USDA and Texas Agricultural Experiment Station in 1971. Approximately 10 to 12 d after pollination, embryos were collected and cultured to obtain plants. When the F₁ plants reached the V6 stage, plants were treated with imazamox at a 1x (3.0 mL L^-1) rate. Resistant plants were identified and crossed to HA 89. Plants resistant to imazamox were also treated with imazethapyr at a 5x (3.75 mL L^-1) rate. All plants resistant to imazamox were resistant to the 5x rate of imazethapyr. Imazethapyr treatment was discontinued because of concerns regarding the long soil residual of imazethapyr. The same backcrossing procedure utilizing imazamox as the screening herbicide was continued to obtain BC₂F₁ plants which were self-pollinated to produce BC₂F₂ seed. The pedigree breeding method was used to develop the BC₂F₆ line utilizing imazamox at a 1x (3.0 mL L^-1) rate. HA 425 does not have an anthocyanin pigment in seed or plants, is single-headed, and has black seed with a grey stripe. The height of HA 425 is approximately 99 cm, and flowering date is approximately 62 d after planting.

RHA 426 and RHA 427 are F₆ restorer germplasms selected from the cross RHA 409//RHA 376*2/PUR H. annuus. PUR H. annuus was an imazethapyr-resistant selection from the same wild H. annuus population used to develop HA 425. RHA 376 was utilized in the initial cross and one backcross to obtain single-headed plants. RHA 376 is an oilseed restorer line released by the USDA and the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in 1990 (Miller, 1992). Single-headed plants that were resistant to a 1x (3.0 mL L^-1) rate of imazamox in the BC₁F₁ generation were crossed with RHA 409, a branched restorer line. RHA 409 is an oilseed restorer line released by the USDA and the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station in 1995 (Miller and Gulya, 1999). The pedigree breeding method was used to develop RHA 426 and RHA 427 utilizing a 1x (3.0 mL L^-1) rate of imazamox for selection purposes. RHA 426 and RHA 427 do not have an anthocyanin pigment in seed or plants, are branched, and have black seed. The heights of RHA 426 and RHA 427 are approximately 104 and 116 cm, respectively, and the flowering dates are approximately 63 and 61 d after planting, respectively.

Hybrids were produced by crossing HA 425 with the two restorer lines, RHA 426 and RHA 427. The hybrids were planted at Prosper, North Dakota, and Hays, KS, during 1999, to evaluate their response to various rates of imidazolinone herbicides. Hybrids had no injury or chlorosis after treatment with a 1x, 2x, or 3x (0.75, 1.50, and 2.25 mL L^-1) rate of imazethapyr at Prosper, ND, or Hays, KS. Hybrids were chlorotic 1 wk after treatment with imazamox at the 1x, 2x, and 3x (3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 mL L^-1) rates at Prosper. However, after 3 wk, only the 3x (9.0 mL L^-1) rate caused slight chlorosis in hybrid plants. Treated hybrids at Hays had slight chlorosis 1 wk after treatment with the 1x, 2x, and 3x (3.0, 6.0, and 9.0 mL L^-1) imazamox rates, but no chlorosis of plants of any treatment was noted after 3 wk. There was no difference in yield between any treated plots and the untreated check.

Limited quantities of seed of each germplasm are available from the Seedstocks Project, Department of Plant Sciences, Loftsgard Hall, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105. We ask that appropriate recognition be made if these germplasms contribute to the development of a new breeding line, germplasm, or hybrid. U.S. Plant Variety Protection will not be requested for HA 425, RHA 426, or RHA 427.

NOTES

Contribution no. 01-372-05, Kansas Agric. Exp. Stn., KSU, Manhattan, KS 66506-4008. Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication October 31, 2001.

REFERENCES

• Miller, J.F. 1992. Registration of five oilseed sunflower germplasm restorer lines (RHA 373 to 377) and two nuclear male-sterile populations (NMS 274 and 801). Crop Sci. 32:1298.[Free Full Text]
• Miller, J.F., and T.J. Gulya. 1999. Registration of eight sclerotinia-tolerant sunflower germplasm lines. Crop Sci. 39:301–302.[Free Full Text]
• Schneiter, A.A., and J.F. Miller. 1981. Description of sunflower growth stages. Crop Sci. 21:901–903.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

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				J.F. Miller, T.J. Gulya, and B.A. Vick Registration of Imidazolinone Herbicide-Resistant Maintainer (HA 442) and Fertility Restorer (RHA 443) Oilseed Sunflower Germplasms Crop Sci., January 24, 2006; 46(1): 483 - 484. [Full Text] [PDF]

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