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REGISTRATION OF CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘Explorer’ Wheat

^a Plant Sciences Dep., Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT 59717
^b Northern Agric. Res. Center, Star Rt. 36, Havre, MT 59501
^c Eastern Agr. Res. Center,1501 N. Central Ave., Sidney, MT 59270
^d Western Triangle Agric. Res. Center, P.O. Box 1474, Conrad, MT 59425
^e Northwestern Agric. Res. Center, 4570 Montana 35, Kalispell, MT 59901
^f Southern Agric. Res. Center, 748 Railroad Highway, Huntley, MT 59037

* Corresponding author (usslt{at}montana.edu)

‘Explorer’ (Reg. no. CV-915, PI 619086) is a hard white spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) developed and released in May 2001 by the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. Explorer provides producers with a high protein hard white wheat with excellent baking quality to complement lower protein hard white wheats and the hard red spring wheat traditionally grown in the Great Plains of Montana.

Explorer was an F4 plant selection from the cross MT8182/ ‘Fortuna’)//‘Pondera’/MT8182. MT8182 has hard white seed and was a selection from the cultivar Yding (‘CIANO F67’/ ‘Penjamo T62’//‘Gallo’). Fortuna (Lebsock et al., 1967) is solid-stemmed hard red spring wheat, and Pondera (McNeal et al., 1980) is a hollow-stemmed hard red spring wheat. Single seed descent was used for advancement to the F₄ generation, where plants were selected primarily for height, head type, maturity, and seed color for advancement to F₅ rows. F₅ rows were evaluated for the same characteristics along with uniformity, apparent yield potential, and kernel protein. Selected rows were advanced to a single row yield nursery in Bozeman in 1996 and evaluated for yield, other agronomic characters, and milling and baking quality. A selection from this nursery was designated ‘MTHW9710’.

MTHW9710 was tested at five Montana locations from 1997 to 1999, and at 10 Montana locations in 2000. Varieties used for comparison were ‘Hi-Line’ (PI 549275) hard red spring wheat (Lanning, 1992) and MTHW9420 (PI 612605) hard white spring wheat (Lanning et al., 2001). A head row–line row purification of MTHW9710, subsequently named Explorer, was commenced in 1998 by growing 400 head rows and discarding those that were nonuniform or differed from the modal type. Selected head rows were harvested separately, and grown as line rows in 1999. Aberrant line rows were discarded, and remaining line rows were harvested in bulk to form breeder seed of Explorer at the F₁₀ generation.

Explorer has seedlings with green coleoptiles, yellow anthers, and a flat, mostly erect flag leaf. Explorer has awned, inclined, oblong heads with tan-white straw and chaff. The kernels are ovate, mid-long, with a mid-sized germ. Kernels have a medium V-shaped crease with angular cheeks and a mid-sized brush with collar.

Explorer had intermediate levels of stem-solidness over five locations, with an average score of 14.5 compared with hollow-stemmed Hi-Line with a score of 6.5, on the basis of a scale of 5 (hollow) to 25 (solid). However, Explorer was not resistant to the wheat stem sawfly (Cephus cinctus Nort.) in three nurseries with natural sawfly infestations. Explorer is resistant to stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers:Pers. F. sp. tritici Eriks. & E. Henn.) on the basis of adult-plant screening in the field at Bozeman with races previously collected in eastern Montana from 1980 to 1990. Explorer was resistant to stripe rust (caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend) during a natural infection at Bozeman in 1997. Virulences of the rust races are not known. Explorer is susceptible to the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilkio).

Explorer has early maturity with an average heading date of 21 June on the basis of 25 location–years in Montana, and is about 2 d earlier than Hi-Line and MTHW9420. Explorer is a semidwarf, with an average height of 73 cm. This is similar to MTHW9420 and Hi-Line. Explorer was not observed to lodge in any location tested from 1997-2000. Yield of Explorer averaged 4475 kg ha^-1 versus 4501 kg ha^-1 and 4556 kg ha^-1 for Hi-Line and MTHW9420, respectively. Grain volume weight of Explorer averaged 799 kg m^-3, identical to Hi-Line and 5 kg m^-3 higher than MTHW9420. Grain protein percentage of Explorer averaged 144 g kg^-1 versus 145 g kg^-1 and 135 g kg^-1 for Hi-Line and MTHW9420, respectively.

Milling and baking quality of Explorer is excellent on the basis of tests by the Montana State University Cereal Quality Lab using grain collected from nine trials. Flour yield of Explorer averaged 642 g kg^-1, which is approximately 10 g kg^-1 higher than Hi-Line and 20 g kg^-1 lower than MTHW9420. Bake water absorption of Explorer was 694 g kg^-1 versus 682 g kg^-1 and 665 g kg^-1 for Hi-Line and MTHW9420, respectively. Loaf volume of bread made from Explorer averaged 1193 cc, while that of Hi-Line and MTHW9420 were 1192 cc and 1037 cc, respectively. Explorer has normal starch as opposed to partial waxy, and has the pinB mutation conferring hard seed texture.

Breeder seed of Explorer will be maintained by the Montana Foundation Seed Stocks Program, Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Department, Montana Agricultural Experiment Station, Montana State University, Bozeman MT 59717. U.S. Plant Variety Protection will be applied for.

NOTES

Research was supported in part by the Montana Wheat and Barley Committee. Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication November 30, 2001.

REFERENCES

• Lanning, S.P., D. Habernicht, W.E. Grey, G.R. Carlson, M.E. Giroux, J.L. Eckhoff, G.D. Kushnak, R.N. Stougaard, D.M. Wichman, K. Kephart, and L.E. Talbert. 2001. Registration of ‘MTHW9420’ wheat. Crop Sci. 41:927–928.[Free Full Text]
• Lanning, S.P., L.E. Talbert, F.H. McNeal, W.L. Alexander, C.F. McGuire, H. Bowman, G. Carlson, G. Jackson, J. Eckhoff, G. Kushnak, V. Stewart, and G. Stallknecht. 1992. Registration of ‘Hi-Line’ wheat. Crop Sci. 32:283–284.[Free Full Text]
• Lebsock, K.L., W.B. Noble, and L.D. Shibbitt. 1967. Registration of ‘Fortuna’ wheat. Crop Sci. 7:170.[Free Full Text]
• McNeal, F.H., and D.L. Klindworth. 1980. Registration of ‘Pondera’ wheat. Crop Sci. 20:289.[Free Full Text]

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