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J.R. Simplot Co., W. 5300 Riverbend Ave., Post Falls, ID 83854
* Corresponding author (ssamudio{at}simplot.com)
‘Southern Star’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] (Reg. no. CV-40, PI 601996) is a seeded, turf-type cultivar developed and released by J.R. Simplot Co., Jacklin Seed Division, Post Falls, ID, in February 2000. Southern Star was tested as J-1224 and 92-1224. First Certified seed was produced in August 1999.
Southern Star was developed from the maternal progenies of two clones, CD-16 and CD-18, selected from an old cemetery at Walla Walla, WA, in 1987. The clones and their progeny were evaluated in spaced-plant nurseries for turf and seed yield attributes. Two cycles of recurrent selection were used, with the open-pollinated progeny of superior selections being used to plant the next cycle. In June 1992, four superior clones were selected from a 706-plant nursery based on uniformity, dark color, medium-high shoot density, medium-fine leaf texture, high seedhead density, and low plant height. The four selected clones were planted in rows in an isolated polycross block, which was encouraged to spread during 1992. Seed from the polycross block was harvested in January 1993, August 1993, and August 1994 and planted in turf trials.
In June 1994, a block of 375 spaced plants was planted from the polycross seed in Dome Valley, AZ. Between June and October 1994 approximately 50% of the plants were rogued from this block, removing off-type plants that did not conform to the common phenotype of the population for height, density, leaf texture, or aggressiveness. An additional 5% of the block was removed the following spring, based on low seed yield potential. In July 1995, 23 elite plants were individually harvested and the rest of the block was harvested in bulk.
In spring of 1996, seed from the 23 selected plants was started in a germinator. Twenty of the lines with highest floret fertility were established in flats. In June 1996, 5012 seedlings were established at Brawley, CA, in a 0.016-ha spaced-plant breeder block. During 1996, the block was rogued twice, removing approximately 10% of the plants. The remaining plants were allowed to repopulate the breeder block. A winter harvest was made in January 1997, and the seed was used for entry in the 1997 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program bermudagrass test. In the spring of 1997, minimal roguing was performed to further increase uniformity; less than 5% of the block was removed. First Breeder seed, produced in July 1997, was used to plant a 2.43-ha Foundation field near Brawley, CA, in September 1997.
Under seed field conditions, Southern Star has good floret fertility and seed fill. Initial flowering of Southern Star is approximately 1 to 2 wk later than Arizona common. Southern Star begins producing seedheads approximately 10 April at the Yuma, AZ, area, with the bulk of the first flush of seedheads around 20 April, which is about 50 d after spring regrowth in early March. During flowering Southern Star has predominately green seedheads. Reproductive maturity (harvest) is later than Arizona common. Southern Star is lower growing than Arizona common and ‘Jackpot’ (Samudio and Brede, 1997) under nonmowed conditions.
In warm humid and warm semiarid regions, Southern Star is an attractive, moderately fine-leafed cultivar with medium-dark green color, medium-high density, and improved turf quality. It should perform well when used for lawns, parks, roadsides, cemeteries, golf courses (not putting greens), and other sports turfs.
Southern Star was entered in the 1997 Bermudagrass National Turfgrass Evaluation Program Trials (Morris, 2000). In these trials, Southern Star demonstrated reduced percentage of winterkill in Oklahoma and improved drought tolerance (dormancy). Southern Star also performed well after four traffic events were imposed in a Georgia traffic study, maintaining density and living ground cover comparable to the best entry. Southern Star is superior to Arizona common in turf quality, color, spring greenup, leaf texture, density, and winter hardiness.
J.R. Simplot Co., Jacklin Seed Division, Post Falls, ID, maintains Breeder seed of Southern Star. Seed production is limited to three generations of increase beyond Breeder seed: one each of Foundation, Registered, and Certified. Application for U.S. Plant Variety Protection has been made (PVP Application no. 9800049).
NOTES
Accepted for publication September 30, 2001.
REFERENCES
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  P. N. Yerramsetty, M. P. Anderson, C. M. Taliaferro, and D. L. Martin DNA Fingerprinting of Seeded Bermudagrass Cultivars Crop Sci., February 23, 2005; 45(2): 772 - 777. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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