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J.R. Simplot Co., W. 5300 Riverbend Ave., Post Falls, ID 83854
* Corresponding author (ssamudio{at}simplot.com)
‘Goalkeeper’ perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) (Reg. no. CV-218, PI 617039), a turf-type cultivar, was developed and released 24 August 1998 by J.R. Simplot Co., Jacklin Seed Division, Post Falls, ID. Goalkeeper's experimental designations were J-1704 and 93-1704. Certified seed was first produced in 1998.
Goalkeeper was developed from the maternal progenies of 21 clones, tracing to plants maternally selected from: 9.5% ‘Advent’ (Samudio et al., 1997b), 19% ‘Allaire’ (Alderson and Sharp, 1994), 9.5% ‘APM’ (Samudio et al., 1997a), 4.8% ‘Fiesta II’ (Pepin et al., 1989), 14.3% ‘Morning Star’ (Alderson and Sharp, 1994), 9.5% ‘Saturn’ (Rose-Fricker et al., 1991), 9.5% ‘SR4000’ (Meyer et al., 1989), 14.3% advanced generation progeny from PI 231590, and 9.5% from an ‘Elka’ hybrid (Alderson and Sharp, 1994).
In 1990, 272 superior plants were selected from a 1989 spaced-plant nursery of 10 700 plants at Post Falls and moved before anthesis to an isolated polycross numbered 90-8001. Maternal identity was maintained and higher yielding progeny were planted in a turf trial at Post Falls in 1990. In spring 1991, remnant seed from material that ranked in the top 25% of the turf trial was planted in a nursery at Post Falls. In 1992, nine open pollinated selections were made from this nursery: two from Advent, three from Allaire, two from Morning Star, and one each from Saturn and SR 4000. All nine progeny were planted in turf trials at Adelphia, NJ and four were planted at Post Falls in September 1992. In August 1993, plugs were removed from the Adelphia plots and transferred to Post Falls for advancement into a breeder block.
The foregoing plants also trace to the remnant seed from plants in polycross 90-8001 that were planted in the 1991 Post Falls nursery. However, each of the selections was moved to polycrosses before anthesis in 1992. One plant tracing to Saturn was moved to isolated polycross 92-8395, consisting of nine plants, and planted in turf trials at Adelphia and Post Falls in 1992. A plant tracing to SR 4000 was moved to isolated polycross 92-8396, consisting of 12 plants, and planted in the 1992 Adelphia turf trial. An additional plant tracing to Allaire was moved to isolated polycross 92-8398, consisting of six plants, and planted in 1992 turf trials at Adelphia. In August 1993, plugs from these three selections were removed from the Adelphia plots and transferred to Post Falls for advancement into a breeder block.
In 1990, superior plants were selected from APM in a spaced-plant nursery of 6500 plants in Oregon, and their progeny were planted in a turf trial and a spaced-plant nursery at Post Falls. In 1992, two selections were made from the nursery and planted in turf trials at Adelphia, Post Falls, and Jackson, TN. In August 1993, plugs were removed from selected plots at Adelphia and transferred to Post Falls for advancement into a breeder block.
In 1990, two plants were selected from an Elka hybrid and one plant from SR 4000 in a nursery at Post Falls, and the open-pollinated progeny were planted in a turf trial at Post Falls where they performed in the top 25% of the trial for turf quality. In spring 1991, remnant seed from the three selections was planted in a nursery at Post Falls. In 1992, the Elka-line progeny were planted in turf trials at Adelphia, Post Falls, and Jackson, whereas the progeny from SR 4000 was planted only in the Adelphia turf trial. In August 1993, plugs were removed from the Adelphia plots and transferred to Post Falls for advancement into a breeder block.
In spring 1990, 22 dwarf (
15 cm from ground to panicle tip) selections were made from 1000 plants of PI 231590 in a greenhouse at Post Falls and planted in the Post Falls nursery. In 1991, five desirable dwarf plants were selected from this population and bulk harvested. Progeny were planted in the Post Falls nursery in 1991. Three nondwarf plants were selected from this population in 1992 and planted in turf trials at Adelphia, Post Falls, and Jackson. In August 1993, plugs were removed from the Adelphia plots and transferred to Post Falls for advancement into a breeder block. In 1992, a selection was made from Fiesta II in the Post Falls nursery, and its progeny was planted in a turf trial at Adelphia in 1992. In August 1993, plugs were removed from the Adelphia plot and transferred to Post Falls for advancement into a breeder block.
Each of the 21 lines was screened for the presence of a fungal endophyte, [Neotyphodium lolii (Latch, Christensen and Samuels) Glenn, Bacon, Price and Hanlin]. Incidence was estimated at 67% in the breeder block. In September 1993, 6700 plants derived from tiller selections from the 21 selected lines were transferred to an isolated spaced-plant block in which the lines were planted in replicated rows throughout the field. During the spring of 1994, this field was rogued for uniformity, removing plants with lower density, lighter leaf color, maturity earlier or later than the majority of the field, low yield or high levels of leaf spot [caused by Drechslera siccans (H. siccans Drechs.) (teleomorph Pyrenophora lolii Dovaston)] and stem rust (caused by Puccinia graminis Pers.:Pers.). Approximately 60% of the breeder block was removed prior to anthesis, leaving plants with a similar morphological appearance. First Breeder seed was selectively harvested in July 1994 and 1995 from endophyte-infected lines.
When grown in an Oregon spaced-plant trial, plant height of Goalkeeper averaged 50.6 cm and flag leaf length and width averaged 9.6 cm and 4.0 mm, respectively.
Goalkeeper provides an attractive turf with medium-high density, medium-fine leaf texture, and good spring greenup. Goalkeeper has been tested in turf trials in Idaho, Illinois, Maryland, New Jersey, and Ohio. Goalkeeper displayed improved turf quality over Advent in Maryland, New Jersey, and Ohio. Goalkeeper has shown moderate resistance to pink snow mold [caused by Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & I.C. Hallett] and net blotch [caused by Drechslera dictyoides (Drechs.) Shoemaker], and moderate to good resistance to dollar spot (caused by Lanzia and Moellerodiscus spp.). Goalkeeper was developed for use as permanent turf in areas where perennial ryegrass is well adapted. It should perform well when used alone or in mixtures with Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) or fine fescue (Festuca spp.) for lawns, parks, roadsides, golf course roughs and fairways, and athletic fields. Goalkeeper displayed adaptabability to winter overseeding of dormant warm-season turf in 1994/1995 trials at The University of Arizona (Kopec, 1995) and The University of Florida (Anderson and Dudeck, 1995).
Breeder seed of Goalkeeper is maintained by J.R. Simplot Co., Jacklin Seed Division, Post Falls, ID. Seed production is limited to three generations of increase beyond Breeder: one each of Foundation, Registered, and Certified. Application for U.S. Plant Variety Protection was not made.
NOTES
Accepted for publication September 30, 2001.
REFERENCES
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S.H. Samudio and A.D. Brede Registration of 'Monterey II' Perennial Ryegrass Crop Sci., September 1, 2004; 44(5): 1877 - 1878. [Full Text] [PDF]
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S.H. Samudio and A.D. Brede Registration of 'A.S.A.P.' Perennial Ryegrass Crop Sci., September 1, 2004; 44(5): 1878 - 1879. [Full Text] [PDF]
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