Crop Science Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education
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Crop Science 42:319-320 (2002)
© 2002 Crop Science Society of America

REGISTRATION OF GERMPLASM

Registration of Three Wheat Germplasms Resistant to Diuraphis noxia

E. Souza*,a, N.A. Bosque-Perezb, D.J. Schotzkob, M.J. Guttieria and K. O'Briena,b

a Plant, Soils, and Entomological Science Dep., Univ. of Idaho, Aberdeen Research and Extension Ctr., P.O. Box AA, Aberdeen, ID 83210
b Plant, Soils, and Entomological Science Dep., Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID

* Corresponding author (esouza{at}uidaho.edu)

Three hard winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasms, A90415W-E-0r-13, A90416W-21, and A92051W-D-2 (Reg. no. Gp-725, 726, 727; PI 614836, PI 614837, PI 614838), were released in January 2001 by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. The germplasms carry resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia Mordv.), were derived from three different germplasm sources, and are adapted to crop-fallow, rain-fed production.

All three of the germplasms were derived from backcrosses of D. noxia resistant winter wheat accessions from the National Small Grains Collection to the hard red winter wheat cultivar ‘Manning’ (CItr 17846). The germplasms A90416W-21 and A90415W-E-0r-13 were derived from progeny of the first backcross completed in 1990 to Manning and have the pedigrees Manning*2/PI 48650 (cross designation A90416W) and Manning*2/PI 94460 (cross designation A90415W), respectively. Both PI 48650 and PI 94460 were previously identified as carrying resistance to D. noxia (Harvey and Martin, 1990). A92051W-D-2 was derived from a 1992 second backcross with the pedigree Manning*3/PI 47545 (cross designation A92051W). The second backcross to Manning was made to a BC1F2 plant confirmed as carrying resistance to D. noxia in a standard greenhouse evaluation that was used in all other subsequent resistance evaluations (Smith et al., 1991). Several research groups identified PI 47545 as resistant to D. noxia assigning part of its resistance to the Dn6 allele (Zemetra et al., 1990).

After reaching the first year of yield trial testing, all three germplasms were identified as homozygous and homogeneous in their resistance to D. noxia based on standard greenhouse evaluations. However, the selection history for each of the lines is unique. The cross A90416W was advanced in bulk through the BC1F2 and BC1F3 generations. Head selections of short BC1F4 plants were planted as BC1F4:5 headrows at Aberdeen, ID, in 1994. A single plant selection of the BC1F4:5 headrows, A90416W-21, was advanced through yield trial evaluations from 1996 to 1999. For A90415W-E-0r-13, individual BC1F2 families of the cross A90415W were evaluated for D. noxia resistance in 1992. Seed of resistant plants from the BC1F2 family designated A90415W-E were bulked, designated A90415W-E-0r, and planted in the field at Aberdeen in 1992 as a BC1F3. A90415W-E-0r was harvested in bulk and planted back in the fall of 1993 as a BC1F3:4. Head selections of short plants derived from the BC1F3:4 bulk were selected at Aberdeen and planted back in BC1F4:5 headrows. One plant selection of the BC1F4:5 headrows, A90415W-E-0r-13, was advanced through yield testing from 1996 to 1999. The third germplasm was derived from the BC2F1 plant designated as A92051W-D, which was identified as heterozygous for resistance to D. noxia in 1993 on the basis of progeny testing. A92051W-D was advanced in bulk for two generations and heads of BC2F4 plants were selected at Aberdeen in 1996 and planted to BC2F4:5 headrows the following fall. One headrow selection A92051W-D-2 was advanced through yield testing in 1998 and 1999.

In a 10-replication, greenhouse trial conducted at the University of Idaho, Manis Entomology Laboratory in 2000, the three germplasms were found to have significantly less injury due to D. noxia than occurred in the susceptible recurrent parent Manning (Table 1). Each of the three germplasms had significantly (99% confidence interval or greater) less leaf rolling and folding, with a 5-fold or greater reduction in leaf chlorosis because of D. noxia feeding.


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  		Table 1. Evaluation of Diuraphis noxia resistance in winter wheat germplasms previously identified as carrying genetic resistance, greenhouse trials, 2000, Moscow, ID.{dagger}

 
All three germplasms are semidwarf and similar in height to Manning (average height 85 cm in rain-fed trials). The germplasms are medium maturity with Julian heading dates at Aberdeen of 164, 163, 162, and 161 for A90416W-21, A90415W-E-0r-13, A92051W-D-2, and Manning, respectively. Like Manning, the germplasms have awned heads, with bronze coloring at maturity. A90416W-21 has ovate hard red kernels, while A90415W-E-0r-13 and A92051W-D-2 have ovate hard white kernels. In three southeastern Idaho locations of rain-fed yield trials in 1999, A90416W-21 yielded 3590 kg ha-1, A90415W-E-0r-13 yielded 3510 kg ha-1, and A92051W-D-2 yielded 3680 kg ha-1, similar, yet slightly lower than Manning's 3740 kg ha-1 grain yield. The germplasms are resistant to the predominant Pacific Northwest races of stripe rust [caused by Puccinia striiformis, (Westend)], moderately susceptible to the predominant Pacific Northwest races of leaf rust (caused by P. triticina Eriks.) and moderately tolerant to snow mold (caused by Typhula spp.), similar to Manning. A90415W-E-0r-13 is moderately susceptible to dwarf bunt [caused by T. controversa, (Kühn in Raben)]. A90416W-21 and A92051W-D-2 are resistant to current Pacific Northwest populations of dwarf bunt and likely carry Manning's resistance genes Bt9 and Bt10. Milling and baking quality of the germplasms is good, similar to Manning. A90415W-E-0r-13 and A92051W-D-2 have alkaline noodle sheet color and color stability acceptable for most Asian noodle products.

Seed of A90416W-21, A90415W-E-0r-13, and A92051W-D-2 will be maintained by the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. Small quantities of seed (5 g) for research and breeding purposes may be obtained. Acknowledgment of the University of Idaho in their use is appreciated.

NOTES

Manuscript of research funded in part by Idaho Agric. Exp. Stn. Hatch Grants H102 and H156. Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication July 31, 2001.

REFERENCES





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