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REGISTRATION OF CULTIVARS

Registration of ‘NC Hulless’ Oat

^a Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7629
^b USDA-ARS, Dep. of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7629

* Corresponding author (njpm{at}unity.ncsu.edu)

‘NC Hulless’ naked winter oat (Avena sativa L.) (Reg. no. CV-367, PI 619101) was developed cooperatively by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service (NCARS) and the USDA-ARS. The cultivar was released in 2001 through NCARS. NC Hulless was released because of its good overall agronomic performance and the increased interest in the feed value of hull-less oats within the community of horse (Equus caballus) owners in the southeastern USA.

NC Hulless was developed by a combination of the mass selection and pedigree breeding methods from a series of crosses with the pedigree Tx81Ab2041/3/‘Ogle’/2/NC82-172/NC81-333/4/Coker 84-27. TxAb2041 has the pedigree ‘Cortez’*4/3/C5-2/CR cpx/2/‘TAM 0-312’/SR cpx. Ogle is a spring oat with the pedigree ‘Brave’//‘Tyler’/‘Egdolon 23’ (Brown and Jedlinski, 1983). The pedigree of NC82-172 is ‘Brooks’/NC76-92 and the pedigree of NC81-333 is ‘Salem’/Coker 74-24. Brooks (Murphy, 1979) and Salem (Murphy, 1975) are winter oat cultivars developed at N.C. State University. Coker 84-27 is a hull-less winter oat line with the pedigree Coker 69-20/Coker 70-12//Coker 76-19/3/Coker 76-16//Coker 77-18/CIav 3031. CIav 3031, the source of the hull-less trait, is a spring oat introduction from Zimbabwe.

The final cross was made in early 1989, and the F₁ generation was propagated in the greenhouse during the spring and summer of the same year. F₂ seed was planted in a bulk plot at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC, in fall 1989. Panicles exhibiting the multiflorous spikelet characteristic were selected at harvest in 1990 and threshed together. F₃ seed was planted at the same location in fall 1990. Panicles exhibiting the multiflorous spikelet characteristic were selected from the F₃ bulk plot in 1991, and during the next four growing seasons F_3:4-, F_4:5-, F_5:6-, and F_6:7-derived lines underwent visual selection at various locations in North Carolina. Selection was primarily based on winter survival, date of panicle emergence, plant height, straw strength, spikelet type, and the expression of the hull-less characteristic in threshed samples of grain. Additional selection pressure was imposed for tolerance to Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and resistance to crown rust (caused by Puccinia coronata Corda var. avenae W.P. Fraser & Ledingham) when disease symptoms were evident.

NC Hulless was given the designation NC95-6305N during the advanced generation testing phase. It underwent replicated performance evaluations as an F₆-derived line during the 1997 through 2000 growing seasons in North Carolina and was entered in the Uniform Winter Oat Yield Nursery (UWOYN), the Uniform Oat Winterhardiness Nursery, and the North Carolina Official Variety Testing Program (OVT) during the 1999 and 2000 seasons. Over four seasons of testing in North Carolina, NC Hulless averaged 4372 kg ha^-1 groat yield in comparison to groat yields of 4480 kg ha^-1 for Rodgers and 4157 kg ha^-1 for Brooks, the two most popular hulled cultivars (LSD0.05 = 1254 kg ha^-1). Test weight of NC Hulless averaged 552 kg m^-3 compared with 432 kg m^-3 for Brooks and 458 kg m^-3 for Rodgers (LSD0.05 = 42 kg m^-3). NC Hulless typically produced over 92% naked groats in combine samples. Plant height of NC Hulless was 5 cm shorter than Brooks and 10 cm shorter than Rodgers. Heading dates were similar for all three cultivars. Brooks had a significantly higher groat protein percentage (157 g kg^-1) than Rodgers (146 g kg^-1), but NC Hulless (150 g kg^-1) did not differ significantly from either cultivar for this trait. NC Hulless is resistant to prevalent races of crown rust in North Carolina and it has a moderate level of tolerance to BYDV. NC Hulless has demonstrated good winter survival in North Carolina, but its winterhardiness is insufficient for locations with temperature below 5 to 10°C. In two seasons of evaluation in the North Carolina OVT, NC Hulless averaged 3190 kg ha^-1 groat yield, in comparison to 3118 kg ha^-1 and 2616 kg ha^-1 for Rodgers and Brooks, respectively (LSD0.05 = 3.22 kg ha^-1). Its test weight was 559 kg m^-1 compared with 479 kg m^-1 for Brooks and 493 kg m^-3 for Rodgers (LSD0.05 = 38 kg m^-3). Its straw strength was similar to Rodgers and superior to that of Brooks. In two seasons in the UWOYN, NC Hulless appeared best adapted to North Carolina and adjacent regions of South Carolina, northern Georgia, and eastern Virginia. Based on 11 location-years of data in these states, NC Hulless averaged 70 and 77% of the yields of Rodgers and Brooks, respectively. Its test weight was 479 kg m^-3 compared with 423 kg m^-3 for Brooks and 431 kg m^-3 for Rodgers.

NC Hulless has a drooping leaf carriage with glabrous leaf margins and hairless leaf sheaths. Ligules are present. Panicle shape is equilateral, panicle size is medium, and panicle width is midbroad. The branches on the panicle have a spreading position. The rachis is straight and the attachment of the lower whorl of branches is at the first node. Spikelet separation is by fracture and awns are absent. The upper culm nodes on the stem are hairy and the mature stem color is yellow.

Breeder seed of NC Hulless was produced in 2000 by compositing 18 phenotypically similar F₁₀-derived lines. Classes of seed of NC Hulless will be limited to Breeder, Foundation, and Certified. Application for U.S. Plant Variety Protection with the Title V option will be submitted for this cultivar. Breeder seed of NC Hulless will be maintained by NCARS, and Foundation seed will be maintained by the N.C. Foundation Seed Producers, Inc., 8220 Riley Hill Road, Zebulon, NC 27597 (919/269-5592). Certified seed will be produced by members of the N.C. Foundation Seed Producers, Inc. Small samples (500 seeds) of NC Hulless can be obtained from the corresponding author for at least 5 yr. Recipients of seed are asked to make appropriate recognition of the source of NC Hulless if it is used in the development of a new cultivar, germplasm, parental line, or genetic stock.

NOTES

Research supported in part by grants from the North Carolina Small Grains Growers Association, Inc. and the USDA-ARS. Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication July 31, 2001.

REFERENCES

• Brown, C.M., and H. Jedlinski. 1983. Ogle spring oat. Crop Sci. 23:1012.[Free Full Text]
• Murphy, C.F. 1975. Registration of Salem oats. Crop Sci. 15:735.[Free Full Text]
• Murphy, C.F. 1979. Registration of ‘Brooks’ oat. Crop Sci. 19:295–296.[Free Full Text]

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