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a Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences
b Dep. of Bioagsciences and Pest Management
c Dep. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
* Corresponding author (jquick{at}agsci.colostate.edu)
‘Yumar’ (Reg. no. CV-902, PI 605388) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released to seed producers in September 1997. Yumar was released because of its resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) [Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)] and high baking quality and grain yield in Colorado tests. Yumar was selected from the crosses and backcrosses ‘Yuma’/PI 372129, F1//CO850034/3/4*Yuma made between 1989 and 1993. PI 372129 is a RWA-resistant landrace from Turkmenistan (Quick et al., 1991). CO850034 is a breeding line from the Colorado State University (CSU) breeding program with the pedigree NS14/NS603//‘Newton’/3/PB835, and Yuma (PI559720) is a cultivar released by CSU in 1991.
Backcross progeny were screened for RWA resistance each generation, and resistant plants were used for the next backcross. BC5F1 plants of this cross were screened for RWA resistance and selfed during July to October 1993. The BC5F2 plants were screened for RWA resistance in January 1994. BC5F3 seed was harvested in April 1994, and the BC5F3 seedlings were screened for homozygosity for RWA resistance. Yumar was among 71 lines simultaneously grown for seed increase in the San Luis Valley of Colorado during May to September 1994. One of these BC5F4 lines, Yuma-R21, was selected for preliminary yield testing in 1995, and the line was later designated CO940700 for the Colorado Variety Trial tests in 1996, 1997, and 1998.
In 3 yr of dryland testing in the Colorado Variety Trial (24 location-years), Yumar was about equal in grain yield to Yuma (3353 vs. 3427 kg ha-1), a semidwarf height wheat and the recurrent parent in the crossing program. Yumar is recommended for all production areas in Colorado where the RWA is a significant threat and where semidwarf wheats have an advantage.
Yumar is an awned, white-chaffed, semidwarf height hard red winter wheat, similar to Yuma in all respects except that it is resistant to the RWA while Yuma is susceptible, and Yumar is slightly taller (4 cm). Yuma averages 70 cm in height. In Colorado, Yumar is moderately susceptible to the prevalent unknown races of leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and resistant to prevalent unknown races of stem rust (caused by P. graminis Pers.:Pers.). On the basis of field observations for incidence of wheat streak mosaic virus, Yumar is moderately susceptible, intermediate between ‘TAM 107’ and ‘Lamar’.
Yumar was entered in the small scale milling and baking trials and evaluated by the Hard Wheat Quality Advisory Committee in 1996. On the basis of composite samples from several Colorado locations, the flour protein percentage of Yumar (11.4%) has been similar to Yuma (11.2%). Yumar has strong mixing characteristics as determined by the mixograph (4.1 min to peak). In Colorado and regional milling and baking tests, Yumar has been similar in overall quality to Yuma, a high quality standard. The kernels of Yumar have been classified by the Federal Grain Inspection Service as hard red winter wheat.
The foliage of Yumar is green at booting stage, with a waxy bloom and yellow anthers at anthesis. The glume is midlong and midwide with an oblique shoulder and an acuminate beak. The coleoptile color is white, and juvenile growth habit is semi-erect. The kernel is short, red, hard textured, and ovate. The kernel has rounded cheeks, midsize germ, short brush, and a wide, shallow crease, but lacks a collar.
Breeder seed of Yumar will be maintained by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. Yumar is protected under the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act (PVP Certificate no. 9800365) with the certification option. Small quantities of seed for research purposes may be obtained from the corresponding author and the Soil and Crop Sciences Department, Colorado State University, for at least 5 yr from the date of this publication.
NOTES
Yumar was developed with partial financial support from the Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication December 31, 2000.
REFERENCES
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