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a Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences
b Dep. of Bioagsciences and Pest Management
c Dep. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
* Corresponding author (jquick{at}agsci.colostate.edu)
‘Prairie Red’ (Reg. no. CV-903, PI 605390) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released to seed producers in September 1998. Prairie Red was released because of its resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) [Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)] and its high grain yield under the severe heat and drought stresses of eastern Colorado. Prairie Red was derived from the crosses and backcrosses CO850034/PI372129//5*‘TAM 107’ made between 1989 and 1993. PI 372129 is a RWA-resistant landrace from Turkmenistan (Quick et al., 1991). CO850034 is a breeding line from the Colorado State University (CSU) breeding program with the pedigree NS14/NS603//‘Newton’/3/PB835, and TAM 107 (PI 495594) is a cultivar released by Texas A&M University in 1984 (Porter et al., 1987).
Backcross progeny were screened for RWA resistance each generation, and resistant plants were used for the next backcross. BC5F1 plants were screened for RWA resistance and selfed during July to October 1993. The BC5F2 plants were screened for RWA resistance in January 1994. BC5F3 seed was harvested in April 1994, and the BC5F3 seedlings were screened for homozygosity for RWA resistance. Prairie Red was among 16 lines simultaneously grown for seed increase in the San Luis Valley of Colorado during May to September 1994. One of these BC5F4 lines, TAM 107-R3, was selected for preliminary yield testing in 1995, and the line was later designated CO940623 for the Colorado Variety Trial tests in 1996, 1997, and 1998.
In 3 yr of dryland testing in the Colorado Variety Trial (24 location-years), Prairie Red was about equal in grain yield to TAM 107 (3487 vs. 3521 kg ha-1), a semidwarf height wheat and the recurrent parent. Prairie Red is recommended for all production areas in Colorado where the RWA is a significant threat and where semidwarf and heat and drought stress-tolerant wheats have an advantage.
Prairie Red is an awned, brown-chaffed, semidwarf height hard red winter wheat, similar to TAM 107 (Porter et al., 1987) in all respects except that it is resistant to the RWA while TAM 107 is susceptible. In Colorado, Prairie Red is moderately susceptible to the prevalent unknown races of leaf rust (incited by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and resistant to prevalent unknown races of stem rust (incited by P. graminis Pers.:Pers.). On the basis of field observations for incidence of wheat streak mosaic virus, Prairie Red is moderately resistant, similar to TAM 107.
Prairie Red was entered in the small scale milling and baking trials and evaluated by the Hard Wheat Quality Advisory Committee in 1996. On the basis of composite samples from several Colorado locations, the flour protein percentage of Prairie Red (11.4%) is similar to TAM 107 (11.8%). Prairie Red has medium mixing characteristics as determined by the mixograph (2.8 min to peak). In Colorado and regional milling and baking tests, Prairie Red has been similar in overall quality to TAM 107, with lower crumb grain score and loaf volume, but is an overall acceptable quality wheat. The kernels of Prairie Red have been classified by the Federal Grain Inspection Service as hard red winter wheat.
The foliage of Prairie Red is green at booting stage, with a waxy bloom and yellow anthers at anthesis. The glume is midlong and midwide with an oblique shoulder and an acuminate beak. The coleoptile color is white and juvenile growth habit is semi-erect. The kernel is short, red, hard textured, and ovate. The kernel has rounded cheeks, midsize germ, short brush, and a wide, shallow crease, but lacks a collar.
Breeder seed of Prairie Red will be maintained by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. Prairie Red is protected under the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act (PVP Certificate no. 9800367) with the certification option. Small quantities of seed for research purposes may be obtained from the corresponding author and the Soil and Crop Sciences Department, Colorado State University, for at least 5 yr from the date of this publication.
NOTES
Prairie Red was developed with partial financial support from the Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication December 31, 2000.
REFERENCES
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