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a USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Lab., E-202 Food Sci. & Human Nutrition Facility East, P.O. Box 646394, Washington St. Univ., Pullman, WA 99164-6394
b USDA-ARS (retired)
* Corresponding author (morrisc{at}wsu.edu)
Twenty hard and soft near-isogenic line (NIL) genetic stocks of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Reg. no. GS-127–GS-148, PI 612547–PI 612568) (Table 1) were identified and selected at the USDA-ARS Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, Pullman, WA. The genetic stocks were released by the USDA-ARS in 2000 due to the utility of such NILs in researching the effects of the hardness gene (ha) on wheat end-use quality, utilization, and processing. A more complete description of the material and how it was derived appears elsewhere (Morris et al., 2001).
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In total, 20 hard and soft NILs (9 hard and 11 soft), and Early Blackhull and Early Blackhull Derivative parental lines were released due to their value and utility in studying wheat kernel texture—that is, whether grain is soft or hard, and the effects of kernel texture on wheat grain quality and processing. Further, the role of puroindoline proteins in kernel texture may be studied. Table 1 gives the experimental line designations, genetic stock designations, plant introduction numbers, source reference numbers to germplasm collections where appropriate, the pedigree or origin, and the nominal U.S. market class.
The first set of six NILs was derived from three Gamenya accessions (PI 268329, PI 274503, and PI 290909); one soft and one hard NIL was derived from each accession. The hard NILs carry the "puroindoline a null" Pina-D1b hardness mutation in puroindoline a (Giroux and Morris, 1998; Morris et al., 2001). Gamenya was at one time cultivated in Australia as a mixture of hard and soft types. It is now grown as a uniform soft-grain cultivar, primarily in Western Australia.
The second set of four NILs was derived from two accessions (AUS 90077 and AUS 90254) amongst 44 hard and soft NILs developed from the Australian cultivars Falcon (hard) and Heron (soft). These two NILs proved to be heterogenous for kernel texture (Giroux and Morris, 1998; Morris et al., 2001); one soft and one hard NIL was isolated from each. The hard NILs carry the Pina-D1b hardness mutation from the hard parent, Falcon (Giroux and Morris, 1998; Morris et al., 2001).
The third set comprised of six BC6 F3:6 NILs derived from a backcross program aimed at producing club (C) and lax (c) spike architectures in a Paha background (Morris et al., 2001). These NILs all have club spikes but differ in grain color (red vs. white), plant height (83–109 cm), and maturity (0 to +8 d relative to Early Blackhull). The hard NILs carry the Pinb-D1b hardness mutation from Early Blackhull (Giroux and Morris, 1997; Morris et al., 2001).
The last set of four BC4 F7-derived NILs were obtained from a backcross program aimed at producing maturity (heading date) NILs in the Nugaines background. Heading date variability was introduced by crossing to Early Blackhull Derivative (Morris et al., 2001; Haro, 1990; Haro and Allan, 1997). The NILs all are lax spike, winter habit, and have white grain similar to Nugaines. The hard NILs carry the same Pinb-D1b mutation (Giroux and Morris, 1997; Morris et al., 2001).
In addition to the hard and soft NILs, the relevant parental lines used to produce some of these NILs (Sets 3 and 4) are included here. Early Blackhull may differ from NPGS accessions and Early Blackhull Derivative is not currently available. Paha and Nugaines are available from the USDA NSGC as CItr 14485 and CItr 13968, respectively.
Small quantities of seed are available on written request to the senior author. It is requested that appropriate recognition be made if these genetic stocks contribute to research or the development of a new breeding line or cultivar. Genetic material of this release has been deposited in the National Plant Germplasm System where it will be available for research purposes, including development and commercialization of new cultivars.
Accepted for publication October 31, 2000.
REFERENCES
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