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a Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
b Dep. of Bioagsciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
c Dep. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
* Corresponding author (jquick{at}agsci.colostate.edu)
‘Prowers 99’ (Reg. no. CV-896, PI 612420) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station, and released to seed producers in September 1999.
Prowers 99 was derived from a modified bulk procedure following single plant selection during 1997 and 1998 within the cultivar Prowers (1) for improved resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) (Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko). Prowers was derived from the crosses and backcrosses CO850060/PI 372129//5*‘Lamar’ made between 1989 and 1993. PI 372129 is a RWA-resistant landrace selection from Turkmenistan (Quick et al., 2001). CO850060 is a breeding line from the Colorado State University (CSU) breeding program with the pedigree NS14/NS25//2*‘Vona’, and Lamar (PI5597190) is a cultivar released by CSU in 1988 with the pedigree 74 F878 (Mexican dwarf)/‘Wings’//Vona.
The resistance gene Dn4 is expressed to a lesser degree in Prowers than it is in ‘Halt’, ‘Yumar’, and ‘Prairie Red’. In addition, 45 and 53% of Prowers seedlings were scored as symptomatic 14 and 21 d, respectively, after artificial infestation in greenhouse tests (Nkongolo et al., 1991). Therefore, in summer 1997, 200 single head selections were made at random within the cultivar Prowers and planted as headrows in fall 1997 for production of Breeder seed in 1998. Seed subsamples from each of these selections were subjected to two cycles (during fall and winter 1997–1998) of standard RWA greenhouse screening procedures (Nkongolo et al., 1991). The first cycle identified 86 plant selections with resistance to RWA. Progeny testing of these plant selections confirmed RWA resistance in 67 plant selections. In summer 1998, seed of these 67 RWA-resistant plant selections was bulked to form Breeder seed of Prowers 99. Foundation seed was produced in 1998-99 and released to growers in September 1999. Under severe levels of artificial infestation in the greenhouse, Prowers 99 had 12.6% symptomatic plants compared with 53.3% in Prowers. At eight locations in 2000, Prowers and Prowers 99 had almost identical grain yields (2069 vs. 2076 kg ha-1, respectively) and grain volume weights (74.0 vs. 73.7 kg hL-1, respectively).
Prowers 99 is recommended for all production areas in Colorado where RWA is a significant threat and where taller wheats have a yield advantage over semidwarfs.
Prowers 99 is an awned, white-chaffed, medium tall, medium late hard red winter wheat similar to and indistinguishable from Prowers in all respects except that it is more resistant to RWA. Prowers 99 is moderately susceptible to the prevalent unknown races of leaf rust (incited by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and resistant to prevalent unknown races of stem rust (incited by P. graminis Pers.:Pers.). On the basis of field observations for incidence of wheat streak mosaic virus, Prowers 99 is susceptible and similar to Prowers.
On the basis of composite samples from several Colorado locations in 1999, the flour protein concentration of Prowers 99 (12.6 g kg-1) has been similar to Prowers (12.1 g kg-1). They have strong mixing characteristics as determined by the mixograph (4.0 min to peak). In Colorado milling and baking tests, Prowers 99 has been similar in overall quality to Prowers, a high quality standard.
The foliage of Prowers 99 is green at booting stage with a waxy bloom and yellow anthers at anthesis. The glume is midlong and midwide with an oblique shoulder and an acuminate beak. The coleoptile color is white and juvenile growth habit is semi-erect. The kernel is short, red, hard textured, and ovate. The kernel has rounded cheeks, midsize germ, short brush, and a wide, shallow crease, but lacks a collar.
Breeder seed of Prowers 99 will be maintained by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. The cultivar has been submitted for U.S. Plant Variety Protection under P.L. 91-577 with the certification option (PVP no. 200000315). Small quantities of seed for research purposes may be obtained from the corresponding author and the Soil and Crop Sciences Department, Colorado State University, for at least 5 yr from the date of this publication.
NOTES
Prowers 99 was developed with partial financial support from the Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication November 30, 2000.
REFERENCES
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  S. D. Haley, J. J. Johnson, F. B. Peairs, J. S. Quick, J. A. Stromberger, J. D. Butler, H. R. Miller, E. E. Heaton, J. B. Rudolph, B. W. Seabourn, et al. Registration of 'Bill Brown' Wheat Journal of Plant Registrations, September 1, 2008; 2(3): 218 - 223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. D. Haley, J. J. Johnson, F. B. Peairs, J. S. Quick, J. A. Stromberger, S. R. Clayshulte, J. D. Butler, J. B. Rudolph, B. W. Seabourn, G. Bai, et al. Registration of 'Ripper' Wheat Journal of Plant Registrations, May 1, 2007; 1(1): 1 - 6. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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