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a Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
b Dep. of Bioagsciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
c Dep. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
* Corresponding author (jquick{at}agsci.colostate.edu)
‘Prowers’ (Reg. no. CV-895, PI 605389) hard red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released to seed producers in September 1997. Prowers was released because of its moderate resistance to the Russian wheat aphid (RWA) [Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)], superior baking quality, and higher grain yield in Colorado tests. The resistance gene Dn4 is expressed to a lesser degree in Prowers than it is in ‘Halt’, ‘Yumar’ and ‘Prairie Red’. In addition, 45 and 53% of Prowers seedlings were scored as symptomatic 14 and 21 d, respectively, after artificial infestation in greenhouse tests (Nkongolo et al., 1991).
Prowers was derived from the crosses and backcrosses CO850060/PI 372129//5*‘Lamar’ made between 1989 and 1993. PI 372129 is a RWA-resistant landrace selection from Turkmenistan (Quick et al., 1991). CO850060 is a breeding line from the Colorado State University (CSU) breeding program with the pedigree NS14/NS25//2*‘Vona’, and Lamar (PI 559719) is a cultivar released by CSU in 1988 with the pedigree 74 F878 (Mexican dwarf )/‘Wings’//Vona. Backcross progeny were screened for RWA resistance each generation, and resistant plants were used for the next backcross. BC5F1 plants were screened for RWA resistance, and selfed during July through October, 1993. BC5F2 plants were screened for RWA resistance in January 1994. BC5F3 seed was harvested in April 1994, and the BC5F3 seedlings were screened for homozygosity for RWA resistance. BC5F3 plants were grown for seed increase in the 1995 greenhouse, and BC5F4 was planted in the field in the spring at Fort Collins where the line Lamar-R32 was selected to produce seed for the Colorado Variety Trials in 1996, 1997, and 1998. Lamar-R32 was later designated CO940750.
In 3 yr of dryland testing during 1996 to 1998 in the Colorado Variety Trial (10 location–years), Prowers was about equal in grain yield to Lamar (3454 vs. 3440 kg ha-1), a conventional height wheat and the recurrent parent in the crossing program. Prowers is recommended for all production areas in Colorado where RWA is a significant threat and where taller wheats have a yield advantage over semidwarfs.
Prowers is an awned, white-chaffed, medium tall, medium late hard red winter wheat, similar to and indistinguishable from Lamar in all respects except that it is resistant to RWA, and Lamar is susceptible. Prowers is moderately susceptible to the prevalent unknown races of leaf rust (incited by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and resistant to prevalent unknown races of stem rust (incited by P. graminis Pers.:Pers.). On the basis of field observations for incidence of wheat streak mosaic virus, Prowers is susceptible and similar to Lamar.
On the basis of composite samples from several Colorado locations in 1999, the flour protein concentration of Prowers (12.6 g kg-1) has been similar to Lamar (12.1 g kg-1). It has strong mixing characteristics as determined by the mixograph (4.0 min to peak). In Colorado milling and baking tests, Prowers has been similar in overall quality to Lamar, a high quality standard.
The foliage of Prowers is green at booting stage with a waxy bloom and yellow anthers at anthesis. The glume is midlong and midwide, with an oblique shoulder and an acuminate beak. The coleoptile color is white, and juvenile growth habit is semi-erect. The kernel is short, red, hard textured, and ovate. The kernel has rounded cheeks, midsize germ, short brush, and a wide, shallow crease, but lacks a collar.
Breeder seed of Prowers will be maintained by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station. Prowers has been granted U.S. Plant Variety Protection under P.L. 91-577 with the certification option (PVP no. 9800366). Small quantities of seed for research purposes may be obtained from the corresponding author and the Soil and Crop Sciences Department, Colorado State University, for at least 5 yr from the date of this publication.
NOTES
Prowers was developed with partial financial support from the Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee. Registration by CSSA.
Accepted for publication November 30, 2000.
REFERENCES
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