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REGISTRATION OF GERMPLASM

Registration of SEA 5 and SEA 13 Drought Tolerant Dry Bean Germplasm

^a University of Idaho, 3793 North 3600 East, Kimberly, ID 83341-5076, USA
^b CIAT, A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia
^c Universidad Nacional de Colombia, A.A. 237, Palmira, Colombia

Corresponding author (singh{at}kimberly.uidaho.edu)

Drought or water stress at various crop growth stages is a common occurrence in most dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production areas of the world. On the American continents, drought is endemic in northeastern Brazil, coastal Peru, central and northern highlands of Mexico, western USA, and southwestern Canada where bean is grown in rainfed environments and supplemental irrigation may or may not be applied. Yield losses of 10 to 100% may occur and seed size, shape, color, and nutritional quality are adversely affected. Maturity is often accelerated under terminal drought conditions.

Drought tolerant dry bean lines SEA 5 (Reg. no. GP-206, PI 613166) and SEA 13 (Reg. no. GP-207, PI 613167) were developed at the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia. The line SEA 5 was developed from the interracial double cross population TR 7790 = BAT 477/`San Cristobal 83'//`Guanajuato 31'/`Rio Tibagi'. BAT 477 is a cream-colored, small-seeded (<25 g 100 seed^-1) breeding line developed at CIAT. It possesses an indeterminate prostrate Type III growth habit. It is highly tolerant to charcoal root rot [caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid]. San Cristobal 83 is a red mottled, small-seeded landrace with Type III growth habit from the Dominican Republic. Guanajuato 31 is a beige-colored, medium-seeded (25–40 g 100 seed^-1) landrace of Type III growth habit from the semi-arid central highlands of Mexico. It is high yielding, has a high harvest index, and is resistant to anthracnose [caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc. & Magn.) Lams.-Scrib.]. Rio Tibagi has small black seeds and an indeterminate upright Type II growth habit. It is a popular cultivar in central and southern Brazil. Guanajuato 31 is susceptible to bean common mosaic (BCM) (caused by a potyvirus), while the other three parents have I gene resistance. BAT 477, San Cristobal 83, and Rio Tibagi have characteristics of race Mesoamerica, and Guanajuato 31 belongs to race Durango. All four genotypes have some level of tolerance to drought, although Rio Tibagi has been classified susceptible (Singh, 1995).

SEA 13 was derived from an intergene pool, double cross population TR 7791 = BAT 477/San Cristobal 83//BAT 93/`Jalo EEP 558.' BAT 93 is a breeding line developed at CIAT. It is of Type III growth habit and has small beige-colored seeds. It has I gene for BCM resistance, is tolerant to common bacterial blight [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (Smith) Dye], and is resistant to some races of anthracnose and bean rust [caused by Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.:Pers.) Ung.]. Jalo EEP 558 is a large-seeded (>40 g 100 seed^-1) landrace from Brazil. It also possesses an indeterminate Type III growth habit and beige-colored seeds with a dark brown-colored hilum ring. It is tolerant to angular leaf spot [caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola (Sacc.) Ferr.] and is susceptible to BCM. Both BAT 93 and Jalo EEP 558 are susceptible to drought. BAT 93 has characteristics of race Mesoamerica and Jalo EEP 558 belongs to the Andean race Nueva Granada.

Approximately 50 F₁ seeds were produced for each of the three single crosses involved in two populations. Plant-to-plant paired pollinations were made between the males and females to produce an average of 100 F₁ double cross seed of each population. One pod from each plant, without selection for any trait, was harvested and bulked together to grow each generation from F₂ to F₅ at CIAT-Palmira (1000-m elevation with mean growing temperature of 24°C; fine-silty, mixed, isohyperthermic Aquic Hapludoll soil with pH 7.5). The F₅ plants (space planted) from each population were harvested to grow F₆ plant-to-progeny rows. Plants within each F₆ row were bulk-harvested and seed increased. Replicated yield trials under water-stressed and nonstressed environments were conducted between 1991 and 1993 to identify and select SEA 5 and SEA 13. For further details regarding materials and methods, readers should refer to Singh (1995).

SEA 5 has small (22–25 g 100 seed^-1) cream-colored seeds and Type III growth habit. At CIAT-Palmira it matures in 70 d. It has consistently out yielded the most drought tolerant line BAT 477 and all other parents involved in both populations by more than 400 kg ha^-1 in both stressed and nonstressed conditions. It is resistant to Fusarium root rot [caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (Burk.) Snyder & Hansen] at Prosser, WA, and has the I gene resistance to BCM. It is susceptible to anthracnose, common bacterial blight, and rust.

Seed characteristics, growth habit, and resistance to BCM and Fusarium root rot of SEA 13 are similar to those of SEA 5. But it is at least 5 d earlier maturing than SEA 5 in most bean growing environments where it has been tested. Moreover, it is intermediate to anthracnose and susceptible to common bacterial blight and rust. Seed weight ranges from 14 to 16 g 100 seed^-1. SEA 13 was the highest yielding line of population TR 7791. Under water stress, it out yielded BAT 477 and all other parents by 200 kg ha^-1. Small quantities of seed of both lines may be obtained from the corresponding author.

NOTES

Published as Idaho Agric. Exp. Stat. J. Article no. 99744. Univ. of Idaho, College of Agriculture, Moscow, Idaho 83844. Registration by CSSA.

Accepted for publication June 30, 2000.

REFERENCES

• Singh, S.P. 1995. Selection for water-stress tolerance in interracial populations of common bean. Crop Sci. 35:118–124.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

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