Fig. 1 Box plots of the yields of soft white winter wheat direct-seeded at the indicated locations with (+) and without (-) soil fumigation in rows spaced uniformly (U) at 30 cm apart or in pairs (P) spaced 18 cm apart with 42 cm between the paired rows, (A) all treatments, (B) only those treatments with wheat straw on the soil surface, and (C) only those treatments with bare soil. White bars are the yield means and brackets are the yield extremes

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