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Pollen Source and Post-Flowering Source/Sink Ratio Effects on Maize Kernel Weight and Oil concentration

Dep. de Producción Vegetal, Fac. de Agronomía, Univ. de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, Ciudad de Buenos Aires (C1417DSE), Argentina. Financial support from the National Council for Research (CONICET. PIP 5540). G.A. Maddonni is a member of and W. Tanaka has a scholarship from CONICET

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Mean kernel weight (A and B) and weight of kernels located at the middle of the ear (C and D) as a function of post-flowering source/sink ratio quantified as plant leaf area duration per kernel (A and C) or plant weight gain per kernel (B and D). Symbols represent mean values of each pollination treatment of both pollinators (DK752 and 5MG). Lines indicate the models fitted to the data. For A: Kernel weight = 186.4 + 79.9 source/sink ratio (r2 = 0.80, n = 16, P < 0.001), for source/sink ratio < 1.54 m2 °Cd k–1, Kernel weight = 309.5 mg, for source/sink ratio 1.54 m2 °Cd k–1. For B: Kernel weight = 163.6 + 0.42 source/sink ratio (r2 = 0.77, n = 16, P < 0.001), for source/sink ratio < 312 mg k–1, kernel weight = 295.6 mg, for source/sink ratio 312 mg k–1. For C: Kernel weight = 210.1 + 67.8 source/sink ratio (r2 = 0.56, n = 16, P < 0.001), for source/sink ratio < 1.37 m2 °Cd k–1, kernel weight = 302.9 mg, for source/sink ratio 1.37 m2 °Cd k–1. For D: Kernel weight = 201.5 + 0.29 source/sink ratio (r2 = 0.62, n = 16, P < 0.001), for source/sink ratio < 348.6 mg k–1, kernel weight = 302.9 mg, for source/sink ratio 348.6 mg k–1.

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Relative embryo weight (A and B) and relative embryo oil concentration (C and D) of kernels located at the middle of the ear as a function of post-flowering source/sink ratio quantified as plant leaf area duration per kernel (A and C) or plant weight gain per kernel (B and D). Symbols as in Fig. 1. Lines indicate the models fitted to the data. For A: Relative embryo weight = 0.70 + 0.23 source/sink ratio (r2 = 0.49, n = 16, P < 0.01), for source/sink ratio < 1.32 m2 °Cd k–1, relative embryo weight = 1, for source/sink ratio 1.32 m2 °Cd k–1. For B: Relative embryo weight = 0.55 + 0.0017 source/sink ratio (r2 = 0.62, n = 16, P < 0.001), for source/sink ratio < 247.7 mg k–1, relative embryo weight = 0.97, for source/sink ratio 247 mg k–1.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Kernel weight as a function of grain-filling rate (A), embryo weight as a function of embryo growth rate (B) and embryo oil weight as a function of embryo oil accumulation rate (C) of kernels located at the middle of the ear. Symbols as in Fig. 1. Lines indicate the models fitted to the data.

View larger version (13K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Variations of embryo growth rate as a function of variations of grain-filling rate. For both variables, values represent the variations (%) of each treatment from those of the pseudo-natural pollination treatment at each growing season. Symbols as in Fig. 1. Line indicates the model fitted to the data.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 5. Evolution of embryo/kernel ratio (A), embryo oil concentration (B) and kernel oil concentration (C) of kernels located at the middle of the ear, from DK752xDK752, DK752x5MG, and 5MGx5MG crosses. Lines indicate the models fitted to the data. For embryo/kernel ratio: Embryo/kernel ratio = a + b TT, for TT c; embryo/kernel ratio = a+ bc +d (TT – c), for TT > c and TT e; Embryo/kernel ratio = a +bc+ d (e-c), for TT > e. For DK752xDK752: a = –9, b = 0.039, c = 461, d = 0.0084, and e = 868 (R2 = 0.98, n = 77); for DK752x5MG: a = –11.5, b = 0.050, c = 441, d = 0.012, and e = 901 (R2 = 0.98, n = 77); for 5MGx5MG: a = –12.9, b = 0.058, c = 461, d = 0.017, and e = 846 (R2 = 0.99, n = 10). For embryo oil concentration of Dk752xDK752 and DK752x5MG: Embryo oil concentration = a + b TT, for TT c; embryo oil concentration = a + bc +d (TT – c), for TT > c and TT e; embryo oil concentration = a + bc + d (e – c), for TT > e; For DK752xDK752: a = 206.5, b = 0.38, c = 546, d = –0.24, and e = 912 (R2 = 0.75, n = 76); for DK752x5MG: a = 232.3, b = 0.41, c = 536, d = –0.23, and e = 878 (R2 = 0.67, n = 76). For embryo oil concentration of 5MGx5MG: Embryo oil concentration = 175.5 + 0.61 TT, for TT < 448°Cd; embryo oil concentration = 448 mg g–1, for TT 448°Cd. For kernel oil concentration of K752xDK752 and DK752x5MG: Kernel oil concentration = a + b TT, for TT < c. Kernel oil concentration = a + bc, for TT < c. For DK752xDK752: a = 20.4, b = 0.057, and c = 531 (R2 = 0.67, n = 77); for DK752x5MG: a = 7, b = 0.118, and c = 548 (R2 = 0.87, n = 77). For kernel oil concentration of 5MGx5MG: Kernel oil concentration = a + b TT, for TT c. Kernel oil concentration = a + bc + d (TT – c), for TT > c and TT e. Kernel oil concentration = a + bc + d (e – c), for TT > e where a = 6.8, b = 0.159, c = 542, d = 0.042, and e = 923 (R2 = 0.96, n = 10).