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Allelic Variation at the Vernalization Genes Vrn-A1, Vrn-B1, Vrn-D1, and Vrn-B3 in Chinese Wheat Cultivars and Their Association with Growth Habit

^a Institute of Crop Science, National Wheat Improvement Center/The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), 12 Zhongguancun South St., Beijing 100081, China
^b College of Agronomy, Northwest Sci-Tech Univ. of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
^c Dep. of Plant Sciences, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95615, USA
^d CIMMYT China Office, C/O CAAS, 12 Zhongguancun South St., Beijing 100081, China

View larger version (30K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Distribution of growth habit and vernalization allele combinations among China's different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) zones.

View larger version (34K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Polymerase chain reaction amplification using primer pairs (A) VRN1AF and VRN1-INT1R, (B) Intr1/A/F2 and Intr1/A/R3, and (C) Intr1/C/F and Intr1/AB/R to detect alleles at the Vrn-A1 locus. 1, Chinese Spring (vrn-A1); 2, Jing 411 (vrn-A1); 3, Yumai 2 (vrn-A1); 4, Thatcher (Vrn-A1a); 5, Xinkehan 9 (Vrn-A1a); 6, Longchun 21 (Vrn-A1b); 7, Gan 630 (Vrn-A1a); 8, Shaan 229 (vrn-A1).

View larger version (28K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Polymerase chain reaction amplification using primer pairs (A) Intr1/B/F and Intr1/B/R3 and (B) Intr1/B/F and Intr1/B/R4 to detect the dominant (Vrn-B1) and recessive (vrn-B1) alleles at the Vrn-B1 locus, respectively. 1, Abbondanza; 2, Dongfanghong 3; 3, Mentana; 4, Mazhamai; 5, Zhengmai 9023; 6, Mianyang 11; 7, Mianyang 15; 8, Miannong 4; 9, Kefeng 3; 10, Xinkehan 9; 11, Longmai 20; 12, CI12203; 13, Jinchun 14; 14, Xuzhou 25; 15, Chinese Spring; 16, Xinchun 12.

View larger version (30K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using primer pairs (A) Intr1/D/F and Intr1/D/R3 and (B) Intr1/D/F and Intr1/D/R4 to detect the dominant (Vrn-D1) and recessive (vrn-D1) alleles at the Vrn-D1 locus, respectively. 1, Chinese Spring; 2, Beijing 10; 3, Jing 411; 4, Bima 4; 5, Abbondanza; 6, Neixiang 36; 7, Jinan 2; 8, Zhoumai 18; 9, Shijiazhuang 8; 10, Shaannong 7859; 11, Yumai 2; 12, Lumai 1; 13, Lumai 14; 14, Zhengmai 9023; 15, Mentana; 16, Emai 6.

View larger version (37K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 5. Polymerase chain reaction amplification using primer pairs (A) VRN4-B-INS-F and VRN4-B-INS-R and (B) VRN4-B-NOINS-F and VRN4-B-NOINS-R to detect dominant (Vrn-B3) and recessive (vrn-B3) alleles at the Vrn-B3 locus, respectively. 1, Chinese Spring; 2, Shijiazhuang 407; 3, Lumai 21; 4, Xi'an 8; 5, Jinan 2; 6, Shaanong 7859; 7, Sumai 3; 8, Neixiang 36; 9, Neimai 19; 10, Gan 630; 11, Liaochun 10.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 6. Percentage of different vernalization allele combinations among spring-sown spring and autumn-sown spring cultivars in China.