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Impact of Seaweed Extract-Based Cytokinins and Zeatin Riboside on Creeping Bentgrass Heat Tolerance

Dep. of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061

View larger version (44K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Influence of seaweed extract (SWE)-based cytokinins (Aca SWE, Oce SWE) and zeatin riboside (ZR) on leaf zeatin riboside concentration in creeping bentgrass subjected to heat stress (SWE ash is the mineral residues from Oce SWE; data values are averages across 2005 and 2006; treatments with same letters in each sampling date are not significantly different at P 0.05). FW, fresh weight.

View larger version (40K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Influence of seaweed extract (SWE)-based cytokinins (Aca SWE, Oce SWE) and zeatin riboside (ZR) on visual quality in creeping bentgrass subjected to heat stress (SWE ash is the mineral residues from Oce SWE; data values are averages across 2005 and 2006; treatments with same letters in each sampling date are not significantly different at P 0.05).

View larger version (40K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Influence of seaweed extract (SWE)-based cytokinins (Aca SWE, Oce SWE) and zeatin riboside (ZR) on canopy photochemical efficiency (PE) in creeping bentgrass subjected to heat stress (SWE ash is the mineral residues from Oce SWE; data values are averages across 2005 and 2006; treatments with same letters in each sampling date are not significantly different at P 0.05).

View larger version (35K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Influence of seaweed extract (SWE)-based cytokinins (Aca SWE, Oce SWE) and zeatin riboside (ZR) on leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in creeping bentgrass subjected to heat stress (SWE ash is the mineral residues from Oce SWE; data values are averages across 2005 and 2006; treatments with same letters in each sampling date are not significantly different at P 0.05).

View larger version (30K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 5. Influence of seaweed extract (SWE)-based cytokinins (Aca SWE, Oce SWE) and zeatin riboside (ZR) on malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in creeping bentgrass subjected to heat stress (SWE ash is the mineral residues from Oce SWE; data values are averages across 2005 and 2006; treatments with same letters in each sampling date are not significantly different at P 0.05).

View larger version (40K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 6. Influence of seaweed extract (SWE)-based cytokinins (Aca SWE, Oce SWE) and zeatin riboside (ZR) on root fresh weight in creeping bentgrass subjected to heat stress (SWE ash is the mineral residues from Oce SWE; data values are averages across 2005 and 2006; treatments with same letters in each sampling date are not significantly different at P 0.05).

View larger version (37K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 7. Influence of seaweed extract (SWE)-based cytokinins (Aca SWE, Oce SWE) and zeatin riboside (ZR) on root viability in creeping bentgrass subjected to heat stress (SWE ash is the mineral residues from Oce SWE; data values are averages across 2005 and 2006 and expressed as percentages relative to the initial value of the control (100%); treatments with same letters in each sampling date are not significantly different at P 0.05).