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Seed Performance of Maize in Response to Phosphorus Application and Growth Temperature Is Related to Phytate-Phosphorus Occurrence

Crop Science Discipline, School of Agricultural Sciences and Agribusiness, Univ. of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Phytate-P content of normal and QPM maize embryos and endosperms during preliminary screening to select two cultivars for further investigation. Values are means (± SE).

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Conductivity test of normal and QPM seeds determined during preliminary screening to select two cultivars for further investigation. Values are means (± SE).

View larger version (12K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Relationship between seed vigor (conductivity) and phytate-P content in normal and QPM maize. determined during the preliminary screening to select two cultivars for further investigation.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Phytate-P content in the embryos of normal and QPM maize seed produced under three different glasshouse temperatures. Phytate-P was determined during three stages of seed development (15, 25, and 65 d after silking) in maize that was fertilized with three levels of P application (10, 26, and 70 mg kg–1). Values are means (± SE).

View larger version (145K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 5. Transmission electron micrographs of normal maize embryo and endosperm showing the presence of protein body (darker) globoids (lighter) in the embryo and their absence in the starchy endosperm. Phosphorus was determined in the globoids.

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 6. Inorganic P content in normal and QPM maize determined in the (A) embryos and (B) endosperms at three stages of seed development (15, 25, and 65 d after silking). Seeds were produced under three different temperatures, and plants were grown on soil fertilized with three levels of P application (10, 26, and 70 mg kg-1). Values are means (± SE).

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 7. Comparison of normal and QPM maize seed germination and cold test at three stages of seed development (15, 25, and 65 d after silking) in response to three levels of P application (10, 26, and 70 mg kg-1) and three growth temperatures.

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 8. Conductivity test of mature-dry normal and QPM maize seeds produced under three greenhouse temperature regimes (22/16, 27/21, and 33/27°C [day/night]) and fertilized with three levels of P (10, 26, and 70 mg kg-1).

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 9. Occurrence of myo-inositol in seeds of normal and QPM maize during three stages of development (15, 25, and 65 d after silking) in response to three levels of P application (10, 26, and 70 mg kg-1) and three growth temperatures.