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Molecular Breeding to Enhance Ethanol Production from Corn and Sorghum Stover

^a University of Florida Genetics Institute and Agronomy Dep., Gainesville, FL 32610; Dep. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
^b Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
^c Dep. of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
^d Dep. of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Calibration curve for the OneTouch UltraSmart glucose meter using a set of standard β-D-glucose solutions in 50 mM sodium citrate pH 4.8. Each standard was measured three times in random order. This meter is specific for glucose and offers a large dynamic range. The second-degree polynomial that offers the best fit through the data points and the corresponding correlation coefficient (R2) are shown. The dashed line represents a perfect correspondence between the actual and measured glucose concentration.

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. A typical reflectance spectrum obtained from a maize leaf in the range between 350 and 2500 nm (upper line). Before multivariate statistical analyses the spectrum was truncated to the range between 1000 and 2400 nm, followed by baseline correction, resulting in the spectrum represented by the lower line. The different overtone regions in the near-infrared region of the spectrum are indicated.

View larger version (8K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Identification of putative maize mutants with altered spectrotypes based on class modeling. Principal component (PC) analysis of the near infrared reflectance (NIR) spectra of W22 wild-type leaves resulted in a class model based on three PCs (explaining 55, 29, and 7% of variance, respectively), that defined the wild-type. The PC scores of individuals from segregating families were calculated with this class model and evaluated using 2 statistics based on squared Mahalanobis distances. The three graphs represent score plots based on principal components 1 (horizontal axis) and 2 (vertical axis) obtained from (A) a family without any outlier spectra; each black dot represents one individual family member; (B) a family containing several individual plants with spectrotypes that are not consistent with W22 spectra (indicated by black triangles, squares, and diamonds); and (C) the same family as in panel B, plus a related family (progeny of a sibling of the parent that gave rise to the family in panel B). Note how the second family contains individual plants with spectrotypes that are also inconsistent with W22 spectra, but similar to a cluster of outliers from the first family (black triangles). This provided evidence for the presence of a genetic mutation that alters the NIR spectrotype. The same scale was used in all three graphs. The axes intersect at the origin.