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Soil Compaction and Soybean Seedling Emergence

Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Univ. of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312. Published and approved by the Director of the Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station as Paper no. 07-06-057

View larger version (114K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Compaction equipment used in greenhouse and growth chamber experiments: (a) weight used to apply compaction treatments to soil in plastic container; (b) plastic container with metal disk on top of soil.

View larger version (16K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Relationship between compaction and shear stress measured 4, 7, and 10 d after compacting the soil (n = 6). Bars represent ±1 SEM.

View larger version (30K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Normal seedling emergence at 10 d after planting four cultivars in the greenhouse following six compaction treatments. Emergence means were normalized relative to 100% emergence at 0.0 kJ m–3 compactive effort (n = 30). (Actual emergence levels are shown in Table 1.) LSD bars compare vigor levels within compaction treatments.

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Abnormal seedlings, seedlings that germinated but did not emerge, and dead seed following six compaction treatments averaged across vigor levels at 10 d after planting (n = 90, 90, and 60 for high-, low-, and medium-vigor treatments, respectively). Bars indicate SEM.

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 5. Effect of seeding density on normal seedling emergence in the greenhouse following compaction for three high-vigor seed lots of three cultivars. Emergence means were normalized relative to 100% emergence at 0.0 kJ m–3 compactive effort (n = 27). (Actual emergence levels are shown in Table 1.) LSD bars compare seedling emergence within compaction treatments.

View larger version (20K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 6. Effect of seed size and vigor on normal seedling emergence in the greenhouse following compaction (n = 20). LSD bars compare seed size within compaction treatments.

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 7. Normal seedling emergence in the growth chamber 15 d after planting averaged across cv. B336 and B283 high- and low-vigor seed lots following four compaction treatments at 15, 20, 25°C (n = 36). Bars indicate ± SEM.