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Genetic Diversity, Plant Adaptation Regions, and Gene Pools for Switchgrass

^a USDA-ARS, U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI 53706-1108
^b Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
^c USDA-ARS, Univ. of Nebraska-East Campus, P.O. Box 830937, Lincoln, NE 68583-0937

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Albers equal-area projection of a portion of the north-central and northeastern USA, showing the location of 34 prairie remnant sites that were the source of 46 switchgrass accessions collected in 1997 and 1998. The site to the east of Michigan's Lower Peninsula (HI) is on Hansen's Island in Lake St. Clair. The USDA hardiness zones (HZ) 3, 4, 5, and 6 are identified on the map (Cathey, 1990). All sites were located within the Eastern Broadleaf Forest (Continental) ecoregion, with the following exceptions: Sites CH and RF in the Prairie Parkland (Temperate) ecoregion; Sites AN, AS, MO, and SB in the Laurentian Mixed Forest ecoregion; and Sites SA and YC in the Eastern Broadleaf Forest (Oceanic) ecoregion (Bailey, 1998).

View larger version (18K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Scatterplot of the first two multidimensional scales for 165 plants representing 11 switchgrasscultivars, grouped by a combination of ecoregions (Bailey, 1998) and USDA hardiness zones (Cathey, 1990): PPT = Prairie Parkland (Temperate) ecoregion; EBFC = Eastern Broadleaf Forest (Continental) ecoregion; and EBFO = Eastern Broadleaf Forest (Oceanic) ecoregion. Numbers refer to USDA hardiness zones.

View larger version (31K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Scatterplot of the first two multidimensional scales for 653 switchgrass plants representing six geographical areas defined by a combination of ecoregions (Bailey, 1998) and USDA hardiness zones (Cathey, 1990): PPT = Prairie Parkland (Temperate) ecoregion; LMF = Laurentian Mixed Forest ecoregion; EBFC = Eastern Broadleaf Forest (Continental) ecoregion; and EBFO = Eastern Broadleaf Forest (Oceanic) ecoregion. Numbers refer to USDA hardiness zones.

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Cluster dendrogram of 57 switchgrass populations and cultivars, based on unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering of 117 DNA markers.

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 5. Correlogram of autocorrelation coefficients plotted against geographic distance between paired prairie-remnant switchgrass populations. T2 = test criterion for the overall pattern of autocorrelation as a function of geographic distance.

View larger version (29K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 6. Scatterplots and linear regressions of coancestry coefficients (FST) vs. geographic distance for switchgrass prairie-remnant populations from three sites in western Minnesota paired with populations from the remaining 33 sites.