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Differences in Freeze Tolerance of Zoysiagrasses: II. Carbohydrate and Proline Accumulation

^a Dep. of Horticulture, Univ. of Arkansas, 316 Plant Sciences Bldg., Fayetteville, AR 72701
^b Dep. of Agronomy, Purdue Univ., 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054. Purdue Univ. Agriculture Experiment Station Journal no. 2006-18053

View larger version (44K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Concentrations of (A) total soluble sugars, (B) starch, (C) sugar/starch ratio, (D) total reducing sugars, (E) glucose, (F) other reducing sugars, (G) sucrose, and (H) total nonstructural carbohydrates in zoysiagrass stems (rhizomes and stolons) before (nonacclimated) and after cold acclimation (cold acclimated by 4 wk at 8/2°C day/night cycles with a 10-h day photoperiod of 300 µmol m–2 s–1) for 13 genotypes. Error bars represent one standard error of the mean (n = 6). Species are indicated by (m) or (j) for Zoysia matrella or Z. japonica, respectively.

View larger version (15K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Relationships between zoysiagrass freeze tolerance (LT50, the lethal temperature killing 50% of the plants) and (A) the change in total soluble sugars during acclimation (sugars) (r2 = 0.31, P = 0.05), (B) starch concentration in cold-acclimated plants (r2 = 0.37, P = 0.03), (C) the sugar/starch ratio in cold-acclimated plants (r2 = 0.45, P = 0.01), and (D) the change in the sugar/starch ratio (sugar/starch) during acclimation (r2 = 0.44, P = 0.01). Each point represents the mean of six replications. *Significant at the 0.05 probability level.

View larger version (14K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Relationships between zoysiagrass freeze tolerance (LT50, the lethal temperature killing 50% of the plants) and (A) total reducing sugars in cold-acclimated plants (r2 = 0.41, P = 0.02), (B) glucose in cold-acclimated plants (r2 = 0.55, P = 0.004), (C) other reducing sugars in cold-acclimated plants (r2 = 0.29, P = 0.06), and (D) sucrose in cold-acclimated plants (r2 = 0.08, P = 0.34). Each point represents the mean of six replications. *, ** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively; NS, not significant.

View larger version (9K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Relationships between zoysiagrass freeze tolerance (LT50, the lethal temperature killing 50% of the plants) and (A) the change in sucrose during acclimation (r2 = 0.51, P = 0.006), and (B) sucrose/total reducing sugars in cold-acclimated plants (r2 = 0.43, P = 0.02). Each point represents the mean of six replications. *, ** Significant at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.

View larger version (29K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 5. Proline concentration in zoysiagrass rhizomes and stolons before (nonacclimated) and after cold acclimation (cold acclimated by 4 wk at 8/2°C day/night cycles with a 10-h day photoperiod of 300 µmol m–2 s–1) for 13 genotypes. Error bars represent one standard error of the mean (n = 6). Species are indicated by (m) or (j) for Zoysia matrella or Z. japonica, respectively.

View larger version (11K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 6. Freeze tolerance (LT50, the lethal temperature killing 50% of the plants) is increased as proline concentrations in cold-acclimated rhizomes and stolons increase. Correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.44, P = 0.013) between LT50 and logarithmically transformed proline concentration. Each point represents the mean of six replications.