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Simulating Source-Limited and Sink-Limited Kernel Set with CERES-Maize

^a Dep. of Agronomy, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0500
^b Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011

View larger version (22K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Relationships between average daily intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR) and number of ears per plant (upper panel) and number of kernels per plant (mid panel) for prolific and nonprolific hybrids. IPAR was averaged over a thermal time period from 250 degree days (°C d) before silking to 100°C d after silking. Each point is the mean of three replications. Lower panel depicts modeled relationships with IPAR thresholds to set kernels on apical and subapical ears.

View larger version (19K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Upper panel, simulation of source-limited and sink-limited kernel set by Modified CERES-Maize under source-limited conditions. Lower panel, associated simulations showing field dynamics of male and female flowering and sink-limited kernel set. GDD8 is growing degree days calculated with a base temperature of 8°C.

View larger version (17K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Upper panel, simulation of source-limited and sink-limited kernel set by Modified CERES-Maize under sink-limited conditions. Lower panel, associated simulations showing field dynamics of male and female flowering and sink-limited kernel set. GDD8 is growing degree days calculated with a base temperature of 8°C.

View larger version (21K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 4. Comparison of measured and simulated kernel number per plant under sink-limited conditions. Simulated values were obtained using the Original CERES-Maize (O), with a stand-alone Flowering Model (F), and with a Modified CERES-Maize (M) incorporating algorithms to simulate source- and sink-limited kernel set. The Flowering Model simulates only sink-limited kernel set.

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 5. Comparison of measured and simulated kernel numbers per plant under a range of source- and sink-limited conditions. Simulations were obtained with the Original CERES-Maize (O), and with a modified version of CERES-Maize (M) incorporating algorithms to simulate source- and sink-limited kernel set. All evaluation data sets were included. Each data point is the average of replicated measurements; n = 127.

View larger version (26K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 6. Simulated seed production in response to changes in selected model inputs; (a) anthesis–silking interval (GDD8); (b) thermal time interval between two male subpopulations (GDD8); (c) fraction of land occupied with female plants; (d) fraction of male plants in first pollen shedding subpopulation (P1); (e) number of silks on apical ears (St, Eq. [5], silks per ear); (f) number of pollen grains on individual tassels (Pt, Eq. [2], million grains per tassel); (g) duration of silk exsertion from apical ears (Sdur, Eq. [6], days); (h) duration of pollen shed from individual tassels (Pdur, Eq. [3] and [4], days). GDD8 is growing degree days calculated with a base temperature of 8°C.