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Characterization of Testing Locations for Developing Cool-Season Grass Species

^a Research Geneticists, USDA-ARS Forage and Range Research Lab., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-6300
^b Supervisory Research Geneticist, and R. Mitchell, Rangeland Scientist, USDA-ARS Grain, Forage, and Bioenergy Research Unit, Univ. Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0937
^c Research Geneticist (Retired), USDA-ARS Northern Great Plains Research Lab., Mandan, ND 58554
^d Rangeland Scientist (Retired), USDA-ARS Ft. Keogh Livestock and Range Research Lab., Miles City, MT 59301-4016
^e Research Geneticist, USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Lab., El Reno, OK 73036. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the USDA

View larger version (75K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Plant adaptation regions of the Northern Great Plains and Intermountain regions of the USA, with identifiers for each location included in the study. PAR 251,4: Prairie Parkland (Temperate) Ecoregion, Hardiness Zone 4; PAR 251,5: Prairie Parkland (Temperate) Ecoregion, Hardiness Zone 5; PAR 331,3: Great Plains–Palouse Dry Steppe Ecoregion, Hardiness Zone 3; PAR 331,4: Great Plains–Palouse Dry Steppe Ecoregion, Hardiness Zone 4; PAR M331,4: Southern Rocky Mountain Steppe, Open Woodland, Coniferous Forest, Alpine Meadow Ecoregion, Hardiness Zone 4; PAR 342,5: Intermountain Semidesert Ecoregion, Hardiness Zone 5.

View larger version (27K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 2. Display of actual precipitation levels (mm) for each year of the study (1999–2003) and the 30-yr mean precipitation level for each location with LSD bars for comparisons among years at the same location.

View larger version (131K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 3. Biplot display of the discriminating power versus representativeness of each location on a species and trait combination basis based on the GGE model (tester-centered based on standard error standardized data) of GGEBiplot (A) crested wheatgrass stand frequency, (B) crested wheatgrass forage production, (C) intermediate wheatgrass stand frequency, (D) intermediate wheatgrass forage production, (E) smooth bromegrass stand frequency, and (F) smooth bromegrass forage production.