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Zein Transcription and Endoreduplication in Maize Endosperm are Differentially Affected by Heat Stress

^a Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
^b Dep. of Horticultural Science, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108. P. Monjardino, present address: Univ. of Azores, Centro de Biotecnologia dos Açores, 9701-851 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Relative levels of 18S ribosomal RNA and poly-A RNA in endosperm after 0 (ct), 2 (2d), or 4 (4d) days of heat stress (DHS) treatments. (A) 18S rRNA levels expressed per OD 260 of the RNA preparation. (B) Poly-A RNA levels normalized relative to OD 260 of the RNA preparation. Average RNA relative levels of each heat treatment were compared for each sampling date by LSD; a and b indicate statistically different values at 5% (*) and 1% (**) levels of significance.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. The 27-kDa and ZSF4C1 zein mRNA relative steady-state levels in endosperm after 0 (ct), 2 (2d), or 4 (4d) days of heat stress (DHS) treatments. (A) 27-kDa zein levels normalized relative to 18S rRNA. (B) ZSF4C1 zein levels normalized relative to 18S rRNA. Comparison of means was done by LSD; a and b indicate statistically different values at 5% (*) and 1% (**) levels of significance.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Endosperm endoreduplication expressed as the average C values of nuclei sampled after 0 (ct), 2 (2d), or 4 (4d) days of heat stress (DHS) treatments. Comparison of means was done by LSD; a and b indicate statistically different values at 5% (*) and 1% (**) levels of significance.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relative proportion of endosperm nuclei in each C class, sampled after 0 (ct), 2 (2d), or 4 (4d) days of heat stress (DHS) treatments. (A) 11 days after pollination (DAP). (B) 14 DAP. (C) 17 DAP. (D) 20 DAP. Comparison of means was done by LSD; a and b indicate statistically different values at 5% (*) and 1% (**) levels of significance.

View larger version (40K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Average C values of nuclei isolated for transcription run-on assays after 0 (ct) or 4 (4d) days of heat stress (DHS).

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Relative proportion of nuclei in each C class, isolated for transcription run-on assays after 0 (ct) or 4 (4d) days of heat stress (DHS). Endosperm samples were taken at (A) 14 days after pollination (DAP); (B) 17 DAP, and (C) 20 DAP. Comparison of means was done by LSD; a and b indicate statistically different values at 5% (*) and 1% (**) levels of significance.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Zein transcription levels in endosperm after 0 (ct) or 4 (4d) days of heat stress (DHS) treatments. (A) 27-kDa zein rate of transcription. (B) ZSF4C1 zein rate of transcription. Rates were normalized relative to 18S rRNA.