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Cytogenetically Engineered Rye Chromosomes 1R to Improve Bread-making Quality of Hexaploid Triticale

Dep. of Botany and Plant Sciences, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The development of chromosomes 1R.1D5+10-2 (after Lukaszewski and Curtis, 1992), and Valdy and Valdy LH from chromosomes 1D of wheat and 1R of rye, and their recombinants.

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. In situ probing with total genomic DNA in engineered chromosomes 1R. Probe signal is white; block signal is gray. Pairs from left to right: chromosomes 1R.1D5+10-2 and Valdy, probed with total genomic DNA of wheat with rye genomic DNA used as the block. Chromosomes 1RS.1DL and 1RS64:4.1DL probed with rye genomic DNA and wheat genomic DNA as the block. Two chromosomes MA1: the one on the left probed with wheat genomic DNA and rye genomic DNA as the block; the one on the right with rye genomic DNA and wheat DNA as the block. Probing with rye probe in 1RS64:4.1DL and MA1 shows a band of weaker signal in the middle of the satellite (single arrows). Probing with wheat probe in MA1 shows two distinct hybridization sites: the upper one delimits the 1BS insert with Gli-B1; the lower one the 1BS insert that eliminates the Sec-1 locus. Positions of signals relative to the telomere vary because of the presence/absence or size of the telomeric C-band from 1RS on some chromosomes.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. C-banding patterns of the original chromosome 1R of the cv. Presto, and of various engineered chromosomes 1R produced in this study.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The development of chromosomes FC1 and FC2 from various primary and secondary recombinants 1R-1D.

View larger version (113K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Sequential SDS-PAGE separation of gliadins (A) and high molecular weight glutenins (B) from the same kernels of various triticale lines. Lanes 1: Presto, 2: Presto Dt1RL, 3: Presto 1R.1D5+10-2, 4: Presto 1D(1R), 5: Presto Valdy, 6: 1RS64:4.1DL in an early backcross to Presto; Glu-A1 and Gli-B1 alleles of Pavon are present, 7: Presto FC1, 8: Presto RM1. Chromosome 1D in substitution for 1R (lane 4) carries Glu-D1)(a) (subunits 2+12). There is a clear difference in the patterns of bands in Gli-B1 of Presto (lanes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7) and that of Pavon (lanes 6 and 8–lane 8 has both alleles present, that of Presto present on chromosome 1B and that of Pavon present on chromosome RM). Photo courtesy of Dr. W. Brzezinski.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Two approaches in the development of chromosomes RM from the engineered translocation 1RS.1BL in wheat (MA1) and chromosome 1R.1D5+10-2 in triticale Presto. On the left, engineered short arm of MA1 is translocated onto a normal long arm of 1R by centric fission-fusion in wheat, and on transfer to triticale it is recombined with chromosome 1R.1D5+10-2; on the right, MA1 is transferred into triticale and recombined with 1R.1D5+10-2 in the presence of chromosome 1D.