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Published online 8 September 2006
Published in Crop Sci 46:2133-2140 (2006)
© 2006 Crop Science Society of America
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Empirical Modeling of Genetically Modified Maize Grain Production Practices to Achieve European Union Labeling Thresholds

D. I. Gustafsona,*, I. O. Brantsb, M. J. Horaka, K. M. Remunda, E. W. Rosenbauma and J. K. Soteresa

a Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63167 USA
b Monsanto International Sarl, Morges, Switzerland


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Schematic diagram showing the two classes of pollen-mediated gene flow field studies as defined in this work.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Fraction exogenous pollination at the upwind edge of small receptor maize plots as a function of isolation distance. J&B, from Jones and Brooks (1950); Sears, from Sears and Stanley-Horn (2000); Monmouth & York, sites from Rosenbaum et al. (2005).

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Comparison of given empirical model predictions to observed gene flow data in maize (adjusted for isolation distance and FGM). EXC, expected case gene flow predictions; PMGF, pollen-mediated gene flow; RWC, reasonable worst case gene flow predictions.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Extension of empirical model to the case of source fields much smaller than the receptor.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Predicted effect of source size on observed gene flow according to the given empirical model. PMGF, pollen-mediated gene flow.

 

Figure 6
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  		Fig. 6. Schematic diagram showing two possible border row scenarios. GM, genetically modified.

 




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