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Differential Responses of the Cultivated and Wild Species of Soybean to Dehydration Stress

^a Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, current address: Dep. of Food Science, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47906
^b Dep. of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
^c Dep. of Biological Sciences, Univ. of Maine, Orono, ME 04469

View larger version (95K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. The phenotypic response of Essex and PI 407155 to 12 d of dehydration stress, where Essex showed wilting symptoms as compared to PI 407155 maintained in the same pot.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Shoot and root biomass accumulation of PI 407155 and Essex seedlings during a 15-d period of dehydration treatment. Error bars indicate ± one standard error of the mean. Vertical Bars representing mean values followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05 level) for the same part of seedling under different periods of dehydration treatment (5, 10, 15 d).

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Shoot and root moisture content of PI 407155 and Essex seedlings during a 15-d period of dehydration treatment. Error bars indicate ± one standard error unit. Vertical Bars representing means values followed by the same letter are not significantly different (P < 0.05 level) for the same part of seedlings with 0, 5, 10, 15 d of dehydration treatment.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The percentage electrolyte leakage (%EL) of PI 407155 and Essex under control (well-watered) and after 5 d of dehydration stress. Bars representing mean values followed by the same letter within a graph are not significantly different at the P < 0.05 level. Error bars indicate ± one standard error unit.

View larger version (70K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Comparison of full-length GlycineDREB1 amino acid sequence with other dicot homologs. GlyDREB1 = Glycine soja dehydration responsive element binding factor cloned in this study (AY802779); AtDREB1B = Arabidopsis thaliana DREB1B (NP_567721); CaDREB1 = Capsicum annuum DREB1 protein (AAR88363); LeCBF1 = Lycopersicon esculentum C-repeat binding factor CBF1 (Aak57551); PnDREB1 = Prunus avium DREB1 protein (BAC20184). The conserved amino acid sequences are highlighted in black (identical) and gray (similar). The position of the signature AP2 domain is underlined. The consistent PKKRAGRKKFRETRHP located immediately upstream of AP2 was labeled as nuclear-localization signal. The variable C-terminal extension is in the gray box. The conserved DSAW motif at the end of AP2 domain is indicated with the dashed double lines. The consistent valine (V14) and glutamic acid (E19) in the AP2 domain are indicated with triangle.

View larger version (59K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Comparative analysis of dehydration-induced DREB1 gene expression in PI 407155 (G. soja) and Essex (G. max). (A) GlyDREB1 transcripts were detected in PI 407155 by northern blot at 12 d after dehydration stress (+, with irrigation; –, without irrigation), but not in Essex with or without dehydration stress and well-watered PI 407155. The glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as control probe for sample loading. (B) Semi-quantitative PCR showing the differential GlyDREB1 temporal expression patterns between PI 407155 and Essex. The GlyDREB1 expression in PI 407155 exhibited a significant increase from the basal level beginning at 12 h after the dehydration stress. Expression in Essex remained a relatively constant (basal) level during the 36 h duration of dehydration stress. The constitutive expression of the actin gene is shown as negative control.