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Corn Seed Germination and Vigor Following Freezing during Seed Development

^a Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland
^b Department of Plant and Soil Science, 1405 Veterans Drive, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA 40546-0312

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Standard, accelerated aging, cold test germination and conductivity for seed lots frozen at –6°C for 3 or 9 h on ears on the plant (light bars) or on ears separated from the plant (dark bars) from one harvest at physiological maturity (332 g kg–1 seed moisture content [SMC], hybrid A; 386 g kg–1 SMC hybrid B) in 1998. Means with different letters were significantly different using LSD test P < 0.05.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Standard and cold test germination for seed lots of hybrid F harvested at different developmental stages in 1999 and exposed to one of three treatments (1) unfrozen control, or frozen for 6 h at –6°C using two different rates: (2) fast freeze or (3) slow freeze. Error bars = ± SEM. Physiological maturity occurred at 359 g kg–1 seed moisture content.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Standard germination of seed lots from hybrids B and C harvested at different developmental stages in 1999 following exposure to five freezing treatments: (1) unfrozen control, exposure to –6°C for 4 or 7 h, or exposure to –11°C for 4 or 7 h. Error bars = ± SEM. Physiological maturity occurred at 366 and 304 g kg–1 seed moisture content, for hybrids B and C, respectively.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Standard, accelerated aging, and cold test germination for seed lots of hybrid A harvested at different developmental stages in 1998 (solid line), 1999 (dashed line), and 2000 (dotted line). Solid symbols represent the germination from one replication of unfrozen seed while the open symbols represent the germination from seed that was frozen at –6°C for 6 (1998) or 7 (1999, 2000) hours. Symbols with the dot were used in the linear model. The 95% confidence interval around regression lines can be used to compare differences among years. Seed moisture content at physiological maturity in 1998, 1999, and 2000 was 342, 344, and 374 g kg–1, respectively.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Standard, accelerated aging, and cold test germination for seed lots of hybrid B harvested at different developmental stages in 1998 (solid line) and 1999 (dashed line). Solid symbols represent the germination from one replication of unfrozen seed while the open symbols represent the germination from seed that was frozen at –6°C for 6 (1998) or 7 (1999) hours. Symbols with the dot were used in the linear model. The 95% confidence interval around regression lines can be used to compare differences among years. Seed moisture content at physiological maturity in 1998 and 1999 was 389 and 366 g kg–1, respectively.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Standard, accelerated aging, and cold test germination for seed lots of hybrids D (sugary endosperm, SU; dotted regression line) and E (starchy endosperm, ST; dashed regression line) harvested at different developmental stages in 1999 and 2000 that were either unfrozen (solid symbols) or exposed to –6°C for 7 h (open symbols). The 95% confidence interval around regression lines can be used to compare differences among years.