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Aerosol Smoke and Smoke-Water Stimulation of Seedling Vigor of a Commercial Maize Cultivar

Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effects of (A) smoke–water and (B) aerosol smoke on the percentage germination of maize after 7 d under 16:8h light/dark period at 25 ± 0.5°C. Asterisks indicates values significantly different from the control (p < 0.05). Values above standard error bars represent vigor indices.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Effect of various soaking treatments with smoke–water (SW, 1:1000 dilution) and aerosol smoke (90 min exposure) on the percentage germination of maize after 7 d under 16:8h light/dark period at 25 ± 0.5°C. Control seeds were not soaked. Symbols are with standard error bars.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of presoaking seeds following aerosol smoke treatment for different periods on the vigor index of maize seedlings after 7 d under 16:8h light/dark period at 25 ± 0.5°C. Seeds were presoaked in water for different durations before exposure to aerosol smoke. Vigor index for the control was 1165. Average coefficient of variation (%) for 30 min smoke were 13.2 (rinsed) and 18.2 (nonrinsed), 60 min smoke were 26.4 (rinsed) and 40 (nonrinsed), 90 min smoke were 26 (rinsed) and 50 (nonrinsed).

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effects of (A) smoke–water and (B) aerosol smoke on the growth of maize seedlings after 7 d under 16:8h light/dark period at 25 ± 0.5°C. Bars with the same letters are not significantly different at 5% level. Error bars denote standard error.

View larger version (112K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Seven-day-old maize seedlings germinated from seeds treated with (A) smoke–water at different concentrations and (B) aerosol smoke for different exposure periods (germinated after rinsing in water). Bar represents 10 mm.