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Nitrogen Effects on Herbage Nitrogen Use and Nutritive Value in a Meadow and Loblolly Pine Alley

^a USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, 6883 South State Highway 23, Booneville, AR 72927
^b USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, 7207 W. Cheyenne St., El Reno, OK 73036

View larger version (53K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of plots in loblolly pine alleys. Trees (dots) were spaced 2.4 m within rows and 3.6 m between rows. One or more buffer alleys separated replicates. The N treatments (rectangles) assigned to plots were randomized within replicates. Herbage and soil samples were collected from the central region (striped) of each plot. Only three of the six plots are shown; heavy downward arrows represent plots not shown.

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Harvest date and N rate treatment effects on cumulative herbage N conversion efficiency (A1 and A2), N acquisition efficiency (B1 and B2), and cumulative N use efficiency (NUE) (C1 and C2) in a meadow and pine alley. Bars with the same letter (capitals for meadow and lowercase for pine alley) are undifferentiated (P 0.05) by Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD). Small vertical bars represent SE.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of the harvest date x N rate interaction on specific leaf weight of tall fescue in the meadow. Standard error bars not shown for clarity.

View larger version (47K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. (A) Changes in NO3––N, (B) crude protein, and (C) in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of meadow and pine alley herbage sampled in May 2002 through October 2003. In A, NO3––N concentrations below the gray bar do not pose a risk to grazing cattle, concentrations within the gray bar represent variable risk, and those above the bar are considered unsafe (Strickland et al., 2003). In B, the gray horizontal line at 105 g kg–1 represents the minimum concentration for a 450-kg beef cow 1 mo after calving (National Research Council, 1996). Small vertical bars represent SE that exceed the symbol size.