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Risk Assessment for Transgenic Sorghum in Africa: Crop-to-Crop Gene Flow in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench

^a Univ. of Vienna, Institute of Risk Research, Tuerkenschanzstr. 17/8, 1180 Vienna, Austria
^b Agricultural Research Council– Roodeplaat, Vegetable and Ornamental Plant Institute, Biotechnology Division, Private Bag X293, Pretoria, 0001, Gauteng, South Africa

View larger version (48K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Plan of the sorghum gene flow trial layout. Numbers were assigned clockwise to radiating arms, starting with the north-eastern arm. The central block with Redlan B-line (male fertile) was the pollen source, the arms with Redlan A-line (male sterile) were the pollen receptors. Each small square represents a block with sorghum plants. The first 10 blocks closest to the central field were located 13 m, the blocks farther away were located 28 m from each other. Veld grass were located between the arms not containing wild sorghum grasses.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Relative wind direction recorded at the trial at 15-min intervals (values in %). The solid line represents morning wind direction (0600–1130 h) and the dashed line represents morning and afternoon wind direction 0600–1130 h and 1600–1800 h). Note that the wind direction is presented as blowing to a direction, not from a direction. Arm numbers are shown in brackets.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Frequency of wind speed recorded at the trial in 15-min intervals during the flowering period. The light line represents morning wind speed (0600–1130 h) and the black line represent morning and afternoon wind speed together (0600–1130 h and 1600–1800 h).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Amount of seeds produced per plant and model of seed production gradient, calculated with a power fit model from three data sets: (i) all data, (ii) 95 percentile, and (iii) 99 percentile. Note the double logarithmic scale.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Relative rate of pollen flow at male sterile plants. Values represent the amount of seeds produced 2r, where r is equal to the distance from the pollen-donating field.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Distance-dependent hybridization rate of pollinated sorghum plants. The dark solid line represents the average rate and the grey lines indicate the error interval.