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Quantitative Trait Loci for Genetically Correlated Seed Traits are Tightly Linked to Branching and Pericarp Pigment Loci in Sunflower

^a Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, 111 Riverbend Road, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
^b Advanta Seeds, Balcarce Research Station, Ruta 226, KM 60.3 (7620), Balcarce PCIA DE BS. AS., ARGENTINA
^c Department of Experimental Statistics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Quantitative trait loci (vertical bars are 1.0-LOD support intervals) identified by composite interval mapping in the RHA280 x RHA801 recombinant inbred line mapping population for seed oil concentration (soc), 100-seed weight (swt), seed length (sl), width (sw), and depth (sd), kernel weight (kwt), pericarp weight (pwt), and kernel-to-pericarp weight ratio (kpr).

View larger version (54K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Seeds for parents of the RHA280 x RHA801 recombinant inbred line (RIL) mapping population (labeled 280 and 801, resepectively) and RHA280 x RHA801 RILs from the lower and upper ends of the 100-seed weight distributions within each B x P x Hyp genotypic class (upper and lower panels, respectively), where B, P, and Hyp are apical branching, phytomelanin pigment, and hypodermal pigment loci, respectively (RIL seeds are identified by numbers in the bottom left-hand corner of each photograph).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Least square means for RHA280 and RHA801 (solid triangle) and branched (open circle) and unbranched (open inverted triangle) RHA280 x RHA801 recombinant inbred lines segregating for seed oil concentration, kernel-to-pericarp weight ratio, and 100-seed weight (rG = additive genetic correlation).

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Significant additive, additive x additive, and additive x additive x additive effects among genetic marker loci (B, P, Hyp, ORS371, ORS188, ORS1068, and ORS484) for seed oil concentration and 100-seed weight in the RHA280 x RHA801 recombinant inbred line mapping population, where a = (yRHA801 – yRHA280)/2 is the additive effect, yRHA801 is the least square mean for genotypes homozygous for the RHA801 allele, yRHA280 is the least square mean for genotypes homozygous for the RHA280 allele, and the significance threshold for Type III F tests was p 0.05.

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Significant additive, additive x additive, and additive x additive x additive effects among genetic marker loci (B, P, Hyp, ORS371, ORS188, ORS1068, and ORS484) for seed length, width, and depth in the RHA280 x RHA801 recombinant inbred line mapping population, where a = (yRHA801 – yRHA280)/2 is the additive effect, yRHA801 is the least square mean for genotypes homozygous for the RHA801 allele, yRHA280 is the least square mean for genotypes homozygous for the RHA280 allele, and the significance threshold for Type III F tests was p 0.05.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Significant additive, additive x additive, and additive x additive x additive effects among genetic marker loci (B, P, Hyp, ORS371, ORS188, ORS1068, and ORS484) for kernel weight, pericarp weight, and kernel-to-pericarp weight ratio in the RHA280 x RHA801 recombinant inbred line mapping population, where a = (yRHA801 – yRHA280)/2 is the additive effect, yRHA801 is the least square mean for genotypes homozygous for the RHA801 allele, yRHA280 is the least square mean for genotypes homozygous for the RHA280 allele, and the significance threshold for Type III F tests was p 0.05.