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Published online 28 March 2005
Published in Crop Sci 45:883-895 (2005)
© 2005 Crop Science Society of America
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Comparative Responses of Container- versus Ground-Grown Soybean to Elevated Carbon Dioxide and Ozone

Fitzgerald L. Bookera,*, Joseph E. Millera, Edwin L. Fiscusa, Walter A. Pursleya and Leonard A. Stefanskib

a USDA-ARS, Plant Science Research Unit, and Dep. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., 3908 Inwood Road, Raleigh, NC 27603
b Dep. of Statistics, Box 8203, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695



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  		Fig. 1. Reproductive developmental stage (R-stage) for (A) pot-grown and (B) ground-grown Essex soybean treated with combinations of CO2 and O3 concentrations in the 1999 experiment. Values are means from three replicate chambers per treatment combination. Ozone treatments were charcoal-filtered (CF) air (24 nmol O3 mol–1) and nonfiltered (NF) air plus O3 (75 nmol O3 mol–1). Carbon dioxide treatments were ambient (373 µmol CO2 mol–1) and elevated (699 µmol CO2 mol–1). Treatments were CF air-ambient CO2 (CF-373), CF air-elevated CO2 (CF-699), NF air plus O3–ambient CO2 (OZ-373), and NF air plus O3–elevated CO2 (OZ-699).

 


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  		Fig. 2. Relative seed yields combined for both years of the experiment (1999 and 2000) for Essex soybean grown in large pots or in the ground. Plants were treated with combinations of CO2 and O3 concentrations throughout the two growing seasons. Ozone treatments were charcoal-filtered (CF) air (22 to 24 nmol O3 mol–1) and nonfiltered (NF) air plus O3 (67 to 75 nmol O3 mol–1). Carbon dioxide treatments were ambient (369 to 373 µmol CO2 mol–1) and elevated (699 to 717 µmol CO2 mol–1). Treatments were CF air-ambient CO2 (CF-A), CF air-elevated CO2 (CF-CO2), NF air plus O3–ambient CO2 (OZ-A), and NF air plus O3–elevated CO2 (OZ-CO2). Relative treatment effects on seed yield for pot-grown and ground-grown plants are shown as a percentage of their respective control treatment (CF-A). Values are means ± SE.

 


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  		Fig. 3. Net photosynthesis (A) of upper-canopy leaves of pot-grown (A) and ground-grown plants (B) exposed to combinations of CO2 and O3 concentrations throughout the growing season in the 1999 experiment. Relative treatment effects on average A are shown as percentage of control (CF-373) in pot-grown (C) and ground-grown plants (D). Ozone treatments were charcoal-filtered (CF) air (24 nmol O3 mol–1) and nonfiltered (NF) air plus O3 (75 nmol O3 mol–1). Carbon dioxide treatments were ambient (373 µmol CO2 mol–1), elevated (699 µmol CO2 mol–1), and high (899 µmol CO2 mol–1, pot-grown plants only). Treatments were CF air-ambient CO2 (CF-373), CF air-elevated CO2 (CF-699), CF air-high CO2 (CF-899), NF air plus O3–ambient CO2 (OZ-373), and NF air plus O3–elevated CO2 (OZ-699). Values are means from three replicate chambers per treatment combination.

 


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  		Fig. 4. Weekly average stomatal conductance (gs) of leaves of pot-grown (A) and ground-grown plants (B) exposed to combinations of CO2 and O3 concentrations throughout the growing season in the 1999 experiment. Relative treatment effects on average gs are shown as percentage of control (CF-373) in pot-grown (C) and ground-grown plants (D). Ozone treatments were charcoal-filtered (CF) air (24 nmol O3 mol–1) and nonfiltered (NF) air plus O3 (75 nmol O3 mol–1). Carbon dioxide treatments were ambient (373 µmol CO2 mol–1), elevated (699 µmol CO2 mol–1), and high (899 µmol CO2 mol–1, pot-grown plants only). Treatments were CF air-ambient CO2 (CF-373), CF air-elevated CO2 (CF-699), CF air-high CO2 (CF-899), NF air plus O3–ambient CO2 (OZ-373), and NF air plus O3–elevated CO2 (OZ-699). Weekly average gs values are shown at the midweek days after planting (Wednesday). Values are means from three replicate chambers per treatment combination.

 




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