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An Integrated Biplot Analysis System for Displaying, Interpreting, and Exploring Genotype x Environment Interaction

Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. GGE biplot based on yield data of 145 doubled haploid lines (presented as dots) in 25 environments. The environments are designated as a province/state code plus year code plus a letter to differentiate different locations in a given province. AB: Alberta; AK: Alaska; MB: Manitoba; MT: Montana; ND: North Dakota; ON: Ontario; PE: Prince Edward Island; QC: Quebec; SK: Saskatchewan; WA: Washington.

View larger version (52K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Trait x environment biplots based on trait x environment two-way tables of correlation coefficients between traits and yield in each of the environments. (a) Biplot involving all 21 traits, based on trait-focused singular-value partitioning; (b) biplot involving 8 traits that were significantly correlated with yield (P < 0.05) in at least one environment, based on trait-focused singular-value partitioning; and (c) same biplot as (b) but based on environment-focused singular-value partitioning. Abbreviations for the environments are the same as in Fig. 1. Abbreviations for the traits are: AMY: amylase activity; BGL: Beta-glucan content; DS: Diastatic Power (measures enzyme activity for converting starch to sugar); HEADING: days to heading; HEIGHT: plant height; KW: kernel weight; LODGING: lodging score; MATURITY: days to maturity; MBG: Malt Beta Glucan (undesirable for beer); PKW: weight of plump kernels; PLM: plumpness; PM: powdery mildew susceptibility; PMGROUP: powdery mildew susceptibility group; PRO: protein content in grain; PSL: soluble protein content (related to enzyme content); PST: soluble/total protein ratio; TSWT: test weight; VSCO: Visual score in the field; X70: extraction at 70°C; XDF: extraction difference between X70 and XFI; and XFI: fine extraction.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Trait x environment biplots for each megaenvironment: (a) environments from the eastern locations, and (b) environments from the western locations. See Fig. 1 and 2 for environment and trait abbreviations.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Genotype by trait biplot showing the genetic correlations among eight traits across genotypes. The 145 doubled haploid lines are represented by dots. See Fig. 2 for trait abbreviations.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. GE biplot that displays only the GE of the genotype x environment table of yield. The 145 doubled haploid lines are represented by dots. See Fig. 1 for environment abbreviations.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. The ‘which-won-where’ view of the same GGE biplot as Fig. 1. The doubled haploid lines other than those on the vertices are represented by dots. See Fig. 1 for environment abbreviations.