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Genetic Variation in Component Traits of Heading Date in Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum Accessions Characterized in Controlled Environments

I. Karsai^a, P. M. Hayes^b,*, J. Kling^b, I. A. Matus^c, K. Mészáros^a, L. Láng^a, Z. Bed^a and K. Sato^d

^a Agricultural Research Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
^b Dep. of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331
^c Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA, CRI– Quilamapu, Casilla 426, Chillan, Chile
^d Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama Univ., Kurashiki 710, Japan

View larger version (48K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. a–e. Responses of the four groups of H. vulgare genotypes shown in Fig. 2 to photoperiod duration in terms of the days to first node appearance (a) heading date (b and c), and relative earliness (d and e). The number of days to first node appearance (Dev31) was measured only for vernalized treatments. The number of days to heading (Dev49) and relative earliness were measured with and without vernalization. Group means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Cluster analysis based on data for three phenotypes—number of days to first node appearance (with vernalization), number of days to heading (with vernalization), and number of days to heading (without vernalization)—measured at seven photoperiod regimes (8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, and 14 h light/24-h period) for the 16 H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum accessions and four H. vulgare subsp. vulgare cultivars described in Table 1.

View larger version (73K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. a and b. Genotypic coefficients of photoperiod sensitivity for the 16 H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum accessions and four H. vulgare subsp. vulgare cultivars described in Table 1. The group designations correspond to those in Fig. 2. Panel a shows the genotypic coefficients of photoperiod sensitivity for days to first node appearance (Dev31) and panel b shows the genotypic coefficients of photoperiod sensitivity for heading date (Dev49). Group means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level.

View larger version (48K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Vernalization responses (the difference in number of days necessary to reach Dev49 between unvernalized and vernalized treatments) for the 16 H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum accessions and four H. vulgare subsp. vulgare cultivars listed in Table 1 and grouped in Fig. 2. Panel a shows the average vernalization response of the four groups at each photoperiod regime. Group means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Panel b shows the vernalization responses of each genotype at long (18 h) and short (8 h) photoperiod regimes.

View larger version (51K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Relative earliness values for the 16 H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum accessions and four H. vulgare subsp. vulgare cultivars listed in Table 1 and grouped in Fig. 2. Panel a shows the relative earliness measured without vernalization, panel b with vernalization. Group means followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level.