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Extent of Cross-Fertilization in Maize by Pollen from Neighboring Transgenic Hybrids

Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Center (ECORC), Central Experimental Farm, Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6

View larger version (40K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Outline of the experimental field design showing the allocation of yellow (Bt) and white (non-Bt) hybrids of maize.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Mean hourly wind speed (km h–1) during the flowering periods at three sites in 2000, 2001, and 2002.

View larger version (46K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Frequencies of gust wind directions measured hourly during the flowering periods at three sites in 2000, 2001, and 2002. The scales are hourly occurrence of gust from different directions.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Extent of cross-fertilization (Y) in the ears of every tenth plant of white maize grown in the north and south sides of the 36 rows of yellow maize in 2000, 2001, and 2002. Each bar represents the average cross-fertilization (%) of 6 white maize plants. The exponential model fits the data. Site #1 north Y = 14.02e–0.63X, R2 = 0.59; south Y = 19.07e–0.81X, R2 = 0.61. Site #2 north Y = 18.09e–0.97X, R2 = 0.47; south Y = 35.52e–1.08X, R2 = 0.61. Site #3 north Y = 26.75e–0.90X, R2 = 0.66; south Y = 23.98e–1.16X, R2 = 0.56, with P < 0.01 for all cases.

View larger version (117K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Example of cross-fertilization of the ears of white maize by foreign pollen of neighboring yellow maize from the first adjoining row up to the 19th row from the yellow maize (source of pollen) as compared with the pure white and yellow maize ears.