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Physiological Responses of Cotton to Two-Spotted Spider Mite Damage

^a CSIRO Plant Industry and Australian Cotton CRC, Locked Bag 59, Narrabri NSW 2390, Australia
^b CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Urrbrae SA 5064, Australia
^c The University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351, Australia

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Positions on cotton leaves (basal and distal) where photosynthesis was measured to assess within-leaf compensation.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Development of mite populations in mite infested plots (a,b) and net photosynthetic rate (c,d), stomatal conductance (e,f), transpiration (g,h), and transpiration efficiency (i,j) in the basal portion of mite damaged (+mites) or undamaged (–mites) leaves in Season 1 and 2. Values are mean ± SE (n = 4). Asterisks indicate significant differences between + and –mite treatments within each season at *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relationship between percentage leaf area damaged and number of adult female T. urticae per leaf; pooled data from Seasons 1 and 2. The fitted line is y = 1.35 + 1.02x, R2 = 0.83; df = 35, F = 167.36, P < 0.0001.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relationship between the number of adult female T. urticae per leaf and photosynthesis (a,b), stomatal conductance (c,d), transpiration (e,f), transpiration efficiency (g,h), and intercellular CO2 concentration (i,j) of basal (solid lines) and distal (dashed lines) leaf portions in mite infested plants (expressed as a percentage relative to undamaged controls) for both seasons.

View larger version (84K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Stomatal imprints of a mite-infested leaf (A,B) and of an uninfested control (C). The infested leaf had 22 adult female mites. (A) is a visibly damaged basal leaf section and (B) is an undamaged distal area of the leaf.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Percentage of open stomata in both basal and distal leaf portions of mite-infested and uninfested control leaves in Season 1. Values are mean + SE (n = 4). Asterisks indicate significant difference at P < 0.05 and refer to the significance of the ANOVA comparing mite and control responses.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Relationship between chlorophyll content, expressed as the percent relative to control and number of adult female T. urticae per leaf. Asterisks indicate significant differences between + and –mite treatments within each season at *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and refer to the significance level of the regression relating chlorophyll content to afm leaf–1.

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Relationship between percentage photosynthesis and percentage chlorophyll content of the basal and distal leaf portions of mite infested leaves relative to controls. Asterisks indicate significant differences between + and –mite treatments within each season at *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and symbols refer to the significance level of the regression analysis relating percentage chlorophyll content and percentage photosynthesis.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Sequence of the initial reduction in stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (T), leaf photosynthesis (Pn) and transpiration efficiency (TE) in response to the adult female mite density per leaf of the distal leaf portions in Season 2.