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Pollination Timing Effects on Kernel Set and Silk Receptivity in Four Maize Hybrids

^a 7300 NW 62nd Ave., Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Johnston, IA 50131-1004
^b Dep. of Agronomy, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011-1010

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Silk growth rate (1992) for four maize hybrids. Lengths were measured daily at 0700 h. Data points represent growth since the previous day. Three groups of silks were measured on two plants from eight field replications. LSD (0.05) is for differences between hybrid means at the same or different level of days after first silk (DAFS).

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Kernel number on primary ear in (A) 1992 (eight replications), (B) 1993 (4 replications), and (C) 1994 (4 replications). Three ears were sampled in each replication. LSDs (0.05) are for differences between hybrid means at the same or different time of pollination, days after first silk (DAFS). Numbers in the legend within parenthesis represent the primary ear open pollinated control treatment expressed as the percent of maximum for each hybrid.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Aborted and shriveled kernels are from the primary ear for various pollination times. Means are from four replications. Three ears were sampled in each replication. The LSD (0.05) is for differences between hybrid means at the same or different time of pollination, days after first silk (DAFS).

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Yield components, means for 1993 and 1994, normalized as percentage of maximum. Grain yield (FIELD WT), number of normally developed kernels (KERN NUM), number of shriveled kernels (SHRIVELED), and kernel weight (mg/KERN) on primary ears are given. DAFS, days after first silk.

View larger version (54K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. (A) Mean silk trichome surface area, (B) length, (C) number on exposed silk surface, and (D) number per millimeter from exposed silk surface in 1993 and 1994. Means are from four field replications. Within a bulk sample of silks from four ears, two silks were randomly selected, and three positions on the silk were used for measurements. Two measurements were taken and pooled at each position on the silk.

View larger version (168K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. (A) Trichomes on the maize silk surface of hybrid B73 x MO17. (B) Hybrid B73 x MO17 had longer trichomes than (C) WF9 x A632. The silk trichome cuticle was thinner or discontinuous near the tip on (D) hybrid B73 x MO17 and (E) hybrid WF9 x A632. The length of the bar equals 10 µ. Electron microscope pictures were provided by John B. Schoper with technical assistance from Robert Whitmoyer at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. Images were optimized by Steven R. Anderson, Antonio Perdomo, and Harry T. Horner at the Bessey Microscopy Facility, Iowa State University (Ames, IA).

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Silk trichomes were measured at various regions along the exposed silk at 3 d after first silk in 1993 and 1994. Means are from four field replications. Within a bulk sample of silks from four ears, two silks were randomly selected and evenly divided into thirds. The apex was the tip end segment of the exposed silk, mid was the middle third of the exposed silk, and the base was the exposed portion nearest the ear shoot.