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Selection for Aluminum and Acid-Soil Resistance in White Clover

USDA-ARS, Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, 1224 Airport Road, Beaver, WV 25813-9423

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. (a) Effect of soil pH on root emergence across time from soil into agar of Brown Loam (BL) and the Al-resistant Cycles 1 and 2 (BL-AlR-C1, BL-AlR-C2) and susceptible Cycles 1 and 2 (BL-AlS-C1, BL-AlS-C2) white clover populations derived from it. (b) Effect of soil pH on root emergence across time from soil into agar of Huia (H) and the Al-resistant Cycle 1 (H-AlR-C1), susceptible Cycle 1 (H-AlS-C1), and the acid-soil-resistant Cycle 1 (H-ASR-C1) white clover populations derived from it. Standard error bars, shown for two populations per graph, apply to all populations.

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. (a) Cumulative root emergence and coefficient of velocity of root emergence (CoVE) of Brown Loam (BL), and the Al-resistant Cycles 1 and 2 (BL-AlR-C1, BL-AlR-C2) and susceptible Cycles 1 and 2 (BL-AlS-C1, BL-AlS-C2) white clover populations derived from it, at two levels of soil pH and resistance index, indicating Al resistance, of those characteristics at pH 4.18. (b) Cumulative root emergence and CoVE of Huia (H), and the Al-resistant Cycle 1 (H-AlR-C1) and susceptible Cycle 1 (H-AlS-C1) and acid-soil-resistant Cycle 1 (H-ASR-C1) white clover populations derived from it, at two levels of soil pH and resistance index, indicating Al resistance, of those characteristics at pH 4.18. Symbols within characters followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Vertical axis scales have been adjusted so that standard error bars for both characters are approximately equal in size.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of soil pH on root emergence across time from soil into agar of Brown Loam (BL) and the acid-soil-resistant Cycles 1 and 2 (BL-ASR33-C1, BL-ASR17-C1, BL-ASR9-C1, and BL-ASR10-C2) and Al-susceptible Cycle 1 (BL-AlS33-C1) white clover populations derived from it. Standard error bars are shown for two populations but apply to all populations.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Time to 50% root emergence and coefficient of velocity of root emergence of Brown Loam (BL), and the acid-soil-resistant Cycles 1 and 2 (BL-ASR33-C1, BL-ASR17-C1, BL-ASR9-C1, BL-ASR10-C2) and Al-susceptible Cycle 1 (BL-AlS33-C1) white clover populations derived from it, at two levels of soil pH and resistance index, indicating Al resistance, of those characteristics, mean of pH 4.39 and 4.64. Symbols within characters followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Vertical axis scales have been adjusted so that standard error bars for both characters are approximately equal in size.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. (a) Top and root weight of Brown Loam (BL), and the Al-resistant Cycles 1 and 2 (BL-AlR-C1, BL-AlR-C2) and susceptible Cycles 1 and 2 (BL-AlS-C1, BL-AlS-C2) white clover populations derived from it, when grown at two levels of soil pH and resistance index, indicating acid-soil resistance, of those characteristics at pH 4.2. (b) Top and root weight of Huia (H), and the Al-resistant Cycle 1 (H-AlR-C1), the susceptible Cycle 1 (H-AlS-C1), and the acid-soil resistance Cycle 1 (H-ASR-C1) white clover populations derived from it when grown at two levels of soil pH and resistance index, indicating acid-soil resistance, of those characteristics at pH 4.2. Symbols within characters followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Vertical axis scales have been adjusted so that standard error bars for both characters are approximately equal in size.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Top and root weight of Brown Loam (BL), and the acid-soil-resistant Cycles 1 and 2 (BL-ASR33-C1, BL-ASR17-C1, BL-ASR9-C1, BL-ASR10-C2) and Al-susceptible Cycle 1 (BL-AlS33-C1) white clover populations derived from it, when grown at two levels of soil pH and resistance index, indicating acid-soil resistance, for those characteristics at pH 4.2. Symbols within characters followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 probability level. Vertical axis scales have been adjusted so that standard error bars for both characters are approximately equal in size.