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Antioxidative Enzymes Offer Protection from Chilling Damage in Rice Plants

^a Biotechnology Research Institute, Chonnam National Univ., Gwangju 500-757, Korea
^b Faculty of Applied Plant Science, Chonnam National Univ., Gwangju 500-757, Korea
^c Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Univ. of Arkansas, 1366 W. Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR, USA 72704
^d Department of Genetic Engineering, Chonnam National Univ., Gwangju 500-757, Korea

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Changes in (A) leaf fresh weight, (B) relative water content, (C) chlorophyll content, and (D) lipid peroxidation in cold-acclimated and nonacclimated rice leaves during acclimation, chilling, and recovery. The plants were exposed to 15°C (cold acclimated) or 25°C (nonacclimated) for 3 d (acclimation), chilled for 3 d at 5°C (chilling), and allowed to recover for 5 d at 25°C (recovery). Values are the mean ± SE of three replicates. In some cases, the error bar is obscured by the symbol.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Changes in (A) maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and (B) quantum yield of photosystem in cold-acclimated and nonacclimated rice leaves during acclimation, chilling, and recovery. The plants were exposed to 15°C (cold acclimated) or 25°C (nonacclimated) for 3 d (acclimation), chilled for 3 d at 5°C (chilling), and allowed to recover for 5 d at 25°C (recovery). Values are the mean ± SE of three replicates. In some cases, the error bar is obscured by the symbol.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Changes in (A) SOD, (B) CAT, (C) APX, and (D) GR activities in cold-acclimated and nonacclimated rice leaves during acclimation, chilling, and recovery. The plants were exposed to 15°C (cold acclimated) or 25°C (nonacclimated) for 3 d (acclimation), chilled for 3 d at 5°C (chilling), and allowed to recover for 5 d at 25°C (recovery). Values are the mean ± SE of three replicates. In some cases, the error bar is obscured by the symbol.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Changes in (A) SOD, (B) CAT, (C) APX, and (D) GR activities in cold-acclimated and nonacclimated rice roots during acclimation, chilling, and recovery. The plants were exposed to 15°C (cold acclimated) or 25°C (nonacclimated) for 3 d (acclimation), chilled for 3 d at 5°C (chilling), and allowed to recover for 5 d at 25°C (recovery). Values are the mean ± SE of three replicates. In some cases, the error bar is obscured by the symbol.

View larger version (83K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Changes in (A) SOD, (B) CAT, (C) APX, and (D) GR isozyme profiles in cold-acclimated (lower panel) and nonacclimated rice leaves (upper panel) during acclimation (1–3 d), chilling (4–6 d), and recovery (7–11 d). The plants were exposed to 15°C (cold-acclimated) or 25°C (nonacclimated) for 3 d (acclimation), chilled for 3 d at 5°C (chilling), and allowed to recover for 5 d at 25°C (recovery).