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Postanthesis Water Deficits Enhance Grain Filling in Two-Line Hybrid Rice

^a College of Agriculture, Yangzhou Univ., Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
^b Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist Univ., Hong Kong, China

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Changes in leaf water potentials of two two-line indica hybrids of rice, Pei-Ai 64S/Yangdao 6 (A and C) and Pei-Ai 64S/E 32 (B and D), in the pot (A and B) and field (C and D) experiments during the first 29 d after withholding water. WW, MD, and SD are well watered, moderate water deficit, and severe water deficit during grain filling. Measurements were made on the flag leaves at pre-dawn (0600 h) and at midday (1130 h). Vertical bars represent ± SE of the mean (n = 6) where these exceed the size of the symbol. Both experiments were conducted at Yangzhou University farm, Jiangsu Province, China in 2001.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Changes in leaf conductance in the flag leaves of two two-line indica hybrids of rice, Pei-Ai 64S/Yangdao 6 (A and C) and Pei-Ai 64S/E 32 (B and D), in the pot (A and B) and field (C and D) experiments during the grain filling period. WW, MD, and SD are well watered, moderate water deficit, and severe water deficit during grain filling. Measurements were made during 0900 to 1100 h. Arrows indicate the start of water deficit treatments. Vertical bars represent ± SE of the mean (n = 6) where these exceed the size of the symbol. Both experiments were conducted at Yangzhou University farm, Jiangsu Province, China in 2001.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Changes in chlorophyll content in the flag leaves of two two-line indica hybrids of rice, Pei-Ai 64S/Yangdao 6 (A and C) and Pei-Ai 64S/E 32 (B and D), in the pot (A and B) and field (C and D) experiments during the grain filling period. WW, MD, and SD are well watered, moderate water deficit, and severe water deficit during grain filling. Arrows indicate the start of water deficit treatments. Vertical bars represent ± SE of the mean (n = 6) where these exceed the size of the symbol. Both experiments were conducted at Yangzhou University farm, Jiangsu Province, China in 2001.

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Photosynthetic rates of the flag leaves of two two-line indica hybrids of rice, Pei-Ai 64S/Yangdao 6 (A and C) and Pei-Ai 64S/E 32 (B and D), in the pot (A and B) and field (C and D) experiments during the grain filling period. WW, MD, and SD are well watered, moderate water deficit, and severe water deficit during grain filling. Measurements were made during 0900 to 1100 h. Arrows indicate the start of water deficit treatments. Vertical bars represent ± SE of the mean (n = 6) where these exceed the size of the symbol. Both experiments were conducted at Yangzhou University farm, Jiangsu Province, China in 2001.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Changes in 14C partitioning in the stems (A and B) and grains (C and D) of two two-line indica hybrids of rice, Pei-Ai 64S/Yangdao 6 (A and C) and Pei-Ai 64S/E 32 (B and D), during the grain filling period (pot experiment only). WW, MD, and SD are well watered, moderate water deficit, and severe water deficit during grain filling. Arrows indicate the start of water deficit treatments. Vertical bars represent ± SE of the mean (n = 6) where these exceed the size of the symbol. The experiment was conducted at Yangzhou University farm, Jiangsu Province, China in 2001.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Changes in nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations in the stems of two two-line indica hybrids of rice, Pei-Ai 64S/Yangdao 6 (A and C) and Pei-Ai 64S/E 32 (B and D), in the pot (A and B) and field (C and D) experiments during the grain filling period. WW, MD, and SD are well watered, moderate water deficit, and severe water deficit during grain filling. Arrows indicate the start of water deficit treatments. Vertical bars represent ± SE of the mean (n = 3) where these exceed the size of the symbol. Both experiments were conducted at Yangzhou University farm, Jiangsu Province, China in 2001.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Grain filling process (A, B, C, and D) and grain filling rate (E, F, G, and H) of two two-line indica hybrids of rice, Pei-Ai 64S/Yangdao 6 (A, C, E, and G) and Pei-Ai 64S/E 32 (B, D, F, and H), in the pot (A, B, E, and F) and field (C, D, G, and H) experiments. WW, MD, and SD are well watered, moderate water deficit, and severe water deficit during grain filling. Grain filling rate was calculated according to the Richards (1959) equation (lines E-H). Arrows indicate the start of water deficit treatments. Vertical bars in the figure A, B, C and D represent ± SE of the mean (n = 2, for the pot experiment and n = 3 for the field experiment) where these exceed the size of the symbol. Both experiments were conducted at Yangzhou University farm, Jiangsu Province, China in 2001.