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A Multivariate Method for Classifying Cultivars and Studying Group x Environment x Trait Interaction

^a Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de la República Oriental del Uruguay, Avd. Garzon 780 CP 12900. Montevideo, Uruguay
^b Biometrics and Statistics Unit, CIMMYT, Apdo. Postal 6-641, 06600, México DF, México
^c Maize Genetic Resources Unit, CIMMYT, México
^d National Seed Storage Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Fort Collins, CO 80523

View larger version (15K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Hypothetical multidemensional scaling representation of the correlation coefficients among four variables (T1E1, T1E2, T2E1, and T2E2) representing two traits (T1 and T2) measured in two environments (E1 and E2).

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Plot of the means of the groups obtained from the evaluation of 205 bread wheat cultivars in seven sites (data set 3). Traits are plant height (P), days to maturity (DM), symptoms of powdery mildew (PM), leaf rust (LR), Septoria leaf blotch (SP), and proportion of cultivars selected (SE). Environments are CRI (Paraguay), PF (Passo Fundo, Brasil), PG (Ponta Grossa, Brasil), CHI (Chillán, Chile), LE (Colonia, Uruguay), MJ (Marcos Juárez, Argentina), and BAR (Barrow, Argentina). Groups G1 (diamond), G2 (triangle), G3 (square), G4 (circle), G5 (dot), and G6 (hash).

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Multidimensional scaling representation of the Spearman rank correlation coefficients obtained from the between-groups correlation matrix (Fig. 3a) and the within-group correlation matrix (Fig. 3b), for 15 variables (trait–environment) of the groups obtained from the evaluation of 256 Caribbean maize accessions planted in three environments (data set 1). Traits are ear length (EL), plant height (P), days to senescence (DS), days to anthesis (DA), and agronomic scale (AS). Environments are 1 through 3.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Multidimensional scaling representation of the Pearson correlation coefficients obtained from the between-groups correlation matrix (Fig. 4a), and the within-group correlation matrix (Fig. 4b), for 40 variables (trait–environment) of the groups obtained from the evaluation of 211 maize lines evaluated in eight environments (data set 2). Traits are anthesis-silking interval (A), number of rows per ear (E), yield (Y), days to silking (F), and plant height (P). Environments are 1 through 8.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Multidimensional scaling representation of the Pearson and biserial correlations and (1 - 0.5d2) similarity obtained from the between-groups correlation matrix (Fig. 5a), and the within-group correlation matrix (Fig. 5b) for 29 variables (trait–environment) variable of the groups obtained from the evaluation of 205 bread wheat cultivars evaluated in seven sites (data set 3). Traits are plant height (P), days to maturity (DM), powdery mildew (PM), septoria leaf blotch (SP), leaf rust (LR), and the proportion of selected cultivars (SE). Environments are 1 through 7.