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Ecogeography of Annual Wild Cicer Species

The Poor State of the World Collection

^a Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
^b The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel
^c CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Distribution of annual wild Cicer (and the wild perennial, C. anatolicum) germplasm held in the world collection. Symbols as follows: C. anatolicum (*), C. bijugum (•), C. chorassanicum (), C. cuneatum (), C. echinospermum (), C. judaicum (), C. pinnatifidum (), C. reticulatum (), C. yamashitae (+). Shaded areas represent the known distribution of annual wild Cicer species and C. anatolicum. The inset shows an enlargement of those areas of West Asia from which the most annual wild Cicer species have been collected.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Principal components analysis of annual wild Cicer collection site characteristics, based on climate, location, and altitude. Developmental phases defined as indicated in the Materials and Methods. Biplot vectors indicate strength and direction of factor loadings for PC1 and PC2. Symbols as follows: C. anatolicum (*), C. bijugum (•), C. chorassanicum (), C. cuneatum (), C. echinospermum (), C. judaicum (), C. pinnatifidum (), C. reticulatum (), C. yamashitae (+).

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Principal components analysis of environments found across the distribution range of annual wild Cicer species (and C. anatolicum), based on climate, location, and altitude. Habitat types (Clusters 1 to 9) were defined using hierarchical and subsequent K-means clustering of PC1...PC4 scores (see Materials and Methods). Shaded areas represent germplasm currently stored in ex situ collections (see Fig. 2). Biplot vectors indicate strength and direction of factor loadings for PC1 and PC3. Plant developmental phases defined as indicated in Materials and Methods.

View larger version (38K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Annual wild Cicer (and C. anatolicum) distribution range clustered on the basis of geography and seasonal climate (see Materials and Methods, and Fig. 3). Shaded areas represent germplasm currently stored in ex situ collections.