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Differential Expression of Genes Regulated in Response to Drought or Salinity Stress in Sunflower

^a Department of Plant Biology, 190 ERML, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
^b Horticulture Department, Poole Agriculture Center, Box 340375, 50 Cherry Rd., Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0375, USA

View larger version (101K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Examples of DD-PCR results. Amplification of cDNAs, from total RNAs as substrate, was accomplished with (A) primers T11VC and Ap2; (B) primers T11C and AP1; (C) primers T11C and AP1; or (D) primers T11C and Ap7. Amplified cDNAs were from total RNAs. For panels (A) and (B) C2, C4, and C6, RNAs from control leaves of 30-d-old plants watered regularly for 2, 4, and 6 d, respectively; D2, D4, and D6, RNAs from leaves of 30-d-old plants drought-treated for 2, 4, 6 d. For panels (C) and (D) C6 and C9, RNAs from control seedlings held in water for 6 and 9 h; S6 and S9, RNAs from seedlings grown in 250 mM NaCl for 6 and 9 h, respectively. Arrows indicate the differentially expressed cDNA fragments.

View larger version (54K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Amino acid sequence homologies. The deduced amino acid sequence of (A) VC2-D in alignment with the lytB-like gene of Adonis aestivalis (AAG21984); (B) CAp1-1U in alignment with the guanylate kinase of Nicotiana tabacum (AAG12251); (C) GAp1-D in alignment with the putative selenium-binding protein of Arabidopsis thaliana (BAB01225); (D) CAp2-U in alignment with the activator transposase homolog of A. thaliana (AAD39658); (E) RSG10-U in alignment with the polyprotein of Sorghum bicolor (AAD22158); (F) CAp1-2U in alignment with the ribosomal protein L41 of Candida maltosa (AAA34366). Asterisks indicate stop codons. The identical residues are shaded in black, gray background indicates similarities.

View larger version (35K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Constitutive expression of presumptive drought- or salinity–responsive genes. Primer pairs used for RT-PCR are listed in Table 1. The cDNAs were synthesized from total RNAs isolated from leaves of control plants (CL) or 6-d drought-treated plants (DL), or from control seedling roots (CR) and shoots (CS), or from 6-h salt-treated seedling roots (SR) and shoots (SS). The 18S rRNA was used as an internal control for amplification.

View larger version (71K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Differential expression patterns of genes corresponding to drought-regulated and/or salinity-regulated clones. Primer pairs used for RT-PCR are listed in Table 1. The cDNAs were synthesized from total RNAs isolated from control seedling roots (CR) and shoots (CS), 250 mM NaCl-treated seedling roots (SR) and shoots (SS), drought-treated seedling roots (DR) and shoots (DS), control leaves (CL) and leaves from drought-treated plants (DL). The 18S rRNA was used as an internal control for amplification and quantification.