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Topsoil Foraging and Its Role in Plant Competitiveness for Phosphorus in Common Bean

^a Department of Horticulture, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
^b Faculty of Agronomy, University of Buenos Aires, 1417 Buenos Aires, Argentina
^c Laboratory of Plant Nutritional Genetics and Root Biology Center, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Two bean root systems contrasting in basal root gravitropism 6 d after germination.

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Ratio of root intersections of common bean plants in the top 5 cm of the soil to the total number of root intersections as affected by genotype, competition and phosphorus availability in the field in China. Two pairs of RILs, 17 and 24 (a) and 7 and 38 (b), are compared. Each bar represents the mean of five replicates; error bar represents the standard error of the mean. In the competition treatments roots of competing plants were analyzed as a group because they could not be separated.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Shoot biomass of common bean as affected by genotype, competition and phosphorus availability in the field at Guangzhou, China. Shallow rooted genotypes (RIL 17 in panel A, RIL 7 in panel B), and deep rooted genotypes (RIL 24 in panel A, RIL 38 in panel B) were included. Each bar represents the mean of five replicates; error bar represents the standard error of the mean.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Ratio of root intersections of common bean plants in the top 7 cm of the soil to the total number of root intersections as affected by genotype, competition, and phosphorus availability in solid media in the greenhouse. Each bar represents the mean of three replicates; error bar represents the standard error of the mean. In the competition treatments roots of competing plants were analyzed as a group because they could not be separated.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Shoot biomass of common bean as affected by genotype, competition and phosphorus availability in solid media in the greenhouse. Each bar represents the mean of three replicates; error bar represents the standard error of the mean.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Shoot biomass of common bean as affected by genotype and phosphorus availability in solution culture. Each bar represents the mean of four replicates; error bar represents the standard error of the mean.