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Effects of Planting Date, Genotype, and Their Interactions on Sunflower Yield

I. Determinants of Oil-Corrected Grain Yield

^a Advanta Semillas S.A.I.C., Ruta Nac. 33 Km 636, CC 294, (2600) Venado Tuerto, Argentina
^b IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires/CONICET, Av. San Martín 4453, (1417) Buenos Aires, Argentina

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Relationships between oil-corrected grain yield and (A) oil-corrected biomass at physiological maturity, and (B) harvest index, for nine sunflower hybrids grown in October (S1) and December (S2) sowing dates at Venado Tuerto during 1996-1997 and 1998-1999. Dashed arrows highlight some contrasting genotypic responses to S2, which underlie G x S interactions (Genotype 1, triangles; Genotype 9, circles). Genotype groups derived from cluster analysis of a multienvironment trial (de la Vega et al., 2001), i.e., G1: Northern adapted, G2: Central adapted, G3: broadly adapted. See Table 1 for genotype group membership.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Leaf area index during the crop life cycle for Genotypes 1, 2, and 9 in October (S1) and December (S2) planting dates at Venado Tuerto, 1996-1997. See Table 1 for the genotype codes. Vertical arrows show anthesis (A) and physiological maturity (PM) in S1 (right arrow) and S2 (left arrow). Vertical bars indicate standard deviations.

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relationship between accumulated oil-corrected biomass and accumulated intercepted radiation from emergence to physiological maturity for Genotypes 1, 2, and 9 in October (S1) and December (S2) planting dates at Venado Tuerto, 1996-1997. See Table 1 for the genotype codes. Vertical arrows show anthesis for S1 (right arrow) and S2 (left arrow). Vertical and horizontal bars indicate standard deviations.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relationships between (A) oil-corrected biomass between anthesis and physiological maturity and (B) harvest index and the time elapsed between anthesis and physiological maturity, for nine sunflower hybrids grown in October (S1) and December (S2) sowing dates at Venado Tuerto during 1996-1997 and 1998-1999. Dashed arrows highlight some contrasting genotypic responses to S2, which underlie G x S interactions (Genotype 1, triangles; Genotype 9, circles). For genotype groups (i.e., G1, G2, G3) see legend of Fig. 1.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Relationship between radiation use efficiency from anthesis to physiological maturity and percentage of seed set for 9 sunflower hybrids grown in December (S2) sowing date at Venado Tuerto during 1996-1997 and 1998-1999. *Significant at P = 0.05.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Relationships between the proportion of the incident radiation which is intercepted by the crop (Qd) and time after full anthesis for Genotypes 1, 2, and 9 in October (S1) and December (S2) planting dates at Venado Tuerto, 1996-1997. See Table 1 for the genotype codes. Vertical arrows indicate physiological maturity.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Bilineal relationships between harvest index and time after full anthesis for Genotypes 1, 2, and 9 in October (S1) and December (S2) planting dates at Venado Tuerto, 1996-1997. See Table 1 for the genotype codes.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Relationship between oil-corrected grain yield and the time elapsed between full anthesis and the moment when leaf area index falls to 50% of that at anthesis (an estimator of canopy stay green) for 9 sunflower hybrids grown in December (S2) sowing date at Venado Tuerto during 1996-1997 and 1998-1999. **Significant at P = 0.01.