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Cytokinin Effects on Creeping Bentgrass Responses to Heat Stress

I. Shoot and Root Growth

^a Dep. of Botany and Microbiology, Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019
^b USDA-ARS, Corvallis, OR 97331

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Visual turf quality of creeping bentgrass as affected by exogenous applications of zeatin riboside (ZR) at 0 d (A, C) and 14 d (B, D) of high soil temperature (20/35°C, A, B) and high air/soil temperatures (35/35°C, C, D). The symbols in B and D are the same as in A and C, respectively. Vertical bars indicate LSD values (P = 0.05) for temperature and ZR concentration comparisons at a given day.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Vertical shoot extension rate (VSER) of creeping bentgrass as affected by exogenous zeatin riboside (ZR) applications at 0 d (A, C) and 14 d (B, D) of high soil temperature (20/35°C, A, B) and high air/soil temperatures (35/35°C, C, D). The symbols in B and D are the same as in A and C, respectively. Vertical bars indicate LSD values (P = 0.05) for temperature and ZR concentration comparisons at a given day.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Canopy net photosynthetic rate (Pn)of creeping bentgrass as affected by exogenous applications of zeatin riboside (ZR) at 0 d (A, C) and 14 d (B, D) of high soil temperature (20/35°C, A, B) and high air/soil temperatures (35/35°C, C, D). The symbols in B and D are the same as in A and C, respectively. Vertical bars indicate LSD values (P = 0.05) for temperature and ZR concentration comparisons at a given day.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Leaf photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of creeping bentgrass as affected by exogenous applications of zeatin riboside (ZR) at 0 d (A, C) and 14 d (B, D) of high soil temperature (20/35°C, A, B) and high air/soil temperatures (35/35°C, C, D). The symbols in B and D are the same as in A and C, respectively. Vertical bars indicate LSD values (P = 0.05) for temperature and ZR concentration comparisons at a given day.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Root electrolyte leakage (EL) of creeping bentgrass as affected by exogenous applications of zeatin riboside (ZR) at 0 d (A, C) and 14 d (B, D) of high soil temperature (20/35°C, A, B) and high air/soil temperatures (35/35°C, C, D). The symbols in B and D are the same as in A and C, respectively. Vertical bars indicate LSD values (P = 0.05) for temperature and ZR concentration comparisons at a given day.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Root mortality of creeping bentgrass as affected by exogenous applications of zeatin riboside (ZR) at 0 d (A, C) and 14 d (B, D) of high soil temperature (20/35°C, A, B) and high air/soil temperatures (35/35°C, C, D). The symbols in B and D are the same as in A and C, respectively. Vertical bars indicate LSD values (P = 0.05) for temperature and ZR concentration comparisons at a given day.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Leaf cytokinin content of creeping bentgrass as affected by exogenous applications of zeatin riboside (ZR) at 0 d (A, C) and 14 d (B, D) of high soil temperature (20/35°C, A, B) and high air/soil temperatures (35/35°C, C, D). The symbols in B and D are the same as in A and C, respectively. Vertical bars indicate LSD values (P = 0.05) for temperature and ZR concentration comparisons at a given day.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Root cytokinin content of creeping bentgrass as affected by exogenous applications of zeatin riboside (ZR) at 0 d (A, C) and 14 d (B, D) of high soil temperature (20/35°C, A, B) and high air/soil temperatures (35/35°C, C, D). The symbols in B and D are the same as in A and C, respectively. Vertical bars indicate LSD values (P = 0.05) for temperature and ZR concentration comparisons at a given day.