HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Abstract Full Text Free Full Text (PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via ISI Web of Science (11) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ritala, A. Articles by Tammisola, J. Search for Related Content PubMed Articles by Ritala, A. Articles by Tammisola, J. Agricola Articles by Ritala, A. Articles by Tammisola, J. Related Collections Ecological Risk Assessment

Measuring Gene Flow in the Cultivation of Transgenic Barley

^a VTT Biotechnology, P.O. Box 1500, FIN-02044-VTT, Finland
^b Boreal Plant Breeding Ltd, Myllytie 8, FIN-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
^c Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, P.O. Box 30, FIN-00023 Government, Helsinki, Finland

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Experimental set-up of the field trials to measure gene flow from the transgenic barley at the Boreal Plant Breeding, Jokioinen, Finland, in 1996 and 1997. In the cultivation scale experiment, the distance of 100 m for the male-sterile recipient plots was included. The areas between the recipient lines and also the surrounding areas were planted with other plants than barley (see text).

View larger version (84K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Monitoring of transgenic barley volunteers the year after the field trial. The experimental set-up in the 1997 field trial plot.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The cross-fertilization frequencies of transgenic barley with male-sterile and male-fertile recipient plots at a distance of 1 m from the donor area in the cultivation scale experiment in 1997. The 95% confidence interval is indicated with line segments.

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. The proportion of nontransgenic seeds in male-sterile plots increased with distance. The flowers of male-sterile heads were mainly pollinated by nontransgenic background pollen. Such background pollen is to be expected from pollen leakage, i.e., because of occasional formation of pollen reported to occur in some male-sterile heads. The 95% confidence interval is indicated with line segments.

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. The seed-set in recipient male-sterile barley plots in the dominant wind direction of the cultivation scale experiment (2000 m2) at Boreal Plant Breeding, Jokioinen, Finland, in 1997. Full heads originating from escaped individuals with full seed-sets are not included in the numbers, because they constitute a strong biasing disorder in the male-sterile recipient line (see text). The bars indicate the mean plus and minus one standard error.

View larger version (139K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. PCR analysis of the seeds obtained from male-sterile heads. Lane 1, reagent blank; Lanes 2 and 3, nontransgenic seeds; Lanes 4 through 7, transgenic (nptII) seeds obtained from male-sterile heads; Lane 8, negative control (seed); Lane 9, positive control (nptII plasmid); Lane 10, molecular size standard ( DNA, digested with PstI).