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Implications of Atmospheric and Climatic Change for Crop Yield and Water Use Efficiency

USDA-ARS, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, 808 E. Blackland Road, Temple, TX 76502

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Responses of transpiration efficiency (TE) to CO2 concentration in C3 and C4 plants: (A) relative increases in TE with increasing CO2 concentration (normalized to 350 µmol mol-1 CO2), and (B) possible absolute responses of TE to CO2. Transpiration efficiency was calculated assuming a ratio of intercellular to atmospheric CO2 concentration of 0.7 for C3 plants and 0.4 for C4 species and a mole fraction water vapor gradient from the leaf to bulk air of 12 x 10-3 mole mole-1 across CO2 concentrations.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Grain yield of rice grown to maturity at ambient (330 µmol mol-1) and elevated CO2 concentrations (660 µmol mol-1) and different mean temperatures. Data are from five experiments. Lines are regression fits describing relationships between grain yield and mean temperature at the two CO2 concentrations. The figure was adapted from Baker and Allen (1993).

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Relationship between grain yield of wheat and mean temperature from anthesis to maturity from two experiments (Exp. 1, 2) in which plants were grown at ambient (380–390 µmol mol-1) and elevated CO2 concentrations (684–713 µmol mol-1). The figure was redrawn from Wheeler et al. (1996).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Leaf area per plant of maize grown at ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations in (A) continuously wet and (B) drying soil, and (C) the water content of drying soil. Note the difference in scale of the y-axis between A and B. Figures were adapted from Samarakoon and Gifford (1996).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Response of plant biomass to CO2 concentration, normalized to 330 µmol mol-1 (rice, soybean, wheat) or 350 µmol mol-1 CO2 (Abutilon). Data for rice, soybean, wheat, and Abutilon are from Baker et al. (1990a), Allen et al. (1991), Neales and Nicholls (1978), and Dippery et al. (1995), respectively.